What Israel’s UNRWA ban means for millions of Palestinians: By the numbers

Several countries have told the United Nations Security Council that they “deeply deplore” the Israeli parliament’s decision to “abolish” the operations of the UN aid agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA) in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem, set to take effect on Thursday.

In a joint statement, Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Slovenia and Spain condemned Israel’s withdrawal from the 1967 agreement between Israel and UNRWA as well as any efforts to hinder the agency’s ability to function and fulfil its mandate from the UN General Assembly.

UNRWA’s commissioner general, Philippe Lazzarini, stated to the Security Council on Tuesday that the ban would “heighten instability and deepen despair in the occupied Palestinian territory at a crucial time.”

UNRWA aid bill is approved by the Knesset.

In October, the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, passed two bills targeting the operations of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.

The second bill makes it illegal for Israeli officials to communicate with UNRWA while the first prohibits UNRWA from carrying out activities within Israel’s borders. The legislation will go into effect on Thursday.

The ceasefire, which also includes bringing in humanitarian supplies for the organization and those in need, may collapse, according to UNRWA spokesman Juliette Touma, who stated concerns about the potential repercussions of the ban.

Up to 600 trucks are moving into the enclave each day as part of the first phase of the ceasefire, which officially began on January 19.

The agency’s capacity to carry out its mission would be severely hampered by Israel’s ban, which would make it impossible for it to obtain any entrance permits to operate in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, both of which are under Israeli control.

What is UNRWA and where does it operate?

The UNRWA was established by the General Assembly in 1949 to provide humanitarian aid to 750 000 Palestinian refugees who had fled their homes when Israel’s founding in 1948 was called the “catastrophe,” or “Nakba.”

(Al Jazeera)

At least 5.9 million Palestinians in Palestine and neighboring countries are served by the organization, which employs 30, 000 workers, primarily Palestinian refugees and a small number of international employees.

UNRWA operates 58 refugee camps including:

    West Bank: 19 camps housing 912, 879 registered refugees

  • Gaza: eight camps housing 1.6 million people
  • Jordan: 10 camps with 2.39 million people
  • Lebanon: 12 camps, home to 489, 292 people
  • Syria: nine camps with 438, 000 people

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UNRWA’s role in Gaza and the West Bank

UNRWA has provided the majority of Palestinians living under Israeli occupation in Gaza, the West Bank, and occupied East Jerusalem with health and education services for generations.

Lazzarini claims that the ban would stifle Gaza’s humanitarian response and render essential services to millions of Palestinian refugees in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, unavailable. Additionally, they would render a vocal observer of the uncountable injustices and horrors that Palestinians have endured for generations.

Within Palestine, UNRWA offers free primary and secondary education to more than 300, 000 children, including:

  • 294, 086 children in Gaza, or half of all students in the enclave
  • 46, 022 children in the West Bank

Additionally, UNRWA provides free maternal and child health care to:

  • 1.2 million people in Gaza – more than half of the population
  • 894, 951 people in the West Bank

UNRWA also provides food for:

  • 1.13 million people in Gaza, or half of the population
  • 23, 903 people in the West Bank

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UNRWA also plays a critical role in providing employment opportunities, microfinance programmes and support for income-generating initiatives.

Gaza’s “backbone of humanitarian operations”

Among the regions under UNRWA’s mandate, the Gaza Strip, with a population of 2.3 million people, has the highest dependence on the agency’s services for survival.

While other UN organisations such as UNICEF, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, World Food Programme and World Health Organization all provide life-saving services, UNRWA is the “backbone of humanitarian operations” in Gaza, Touma told Al Jazeera.

“All UN organizations rely heavily on UNRWA for humanitarian operations, including bringing in fuel and supplies. We are the largest humanitarian agency in Gaza”, she told Al Jazeera.

In January 2024, Israeli authorities accused UNRWA workers of participating in the Hamas-led October 7, 2023, attacks on southern Israel. This led several countries to cut funding to the organisation.

All donors, with the exception of the United States and Sweden, have since resumed funding following an investigation by the UN and the termination of nine staff members.

Since Israel began its genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, its military has killed at least 47, 354 people and injured at least 111, 563 others. Nearly everything has been lost by those who survived the conflict.

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During the 15-month war, UNRWA provided:

  • Food assistance: delivered food to 1.9 million people experiencing extreme hunger
  • Healthcare: offered primary healthcare consultations to 1.6 million individuals
  • Mental health support: provided mental health and psychosocial support to 730, 000 people
  • Water: ensured access to clean water for 600, 000 people
  • Waste management: collected more than 10, 000 tonnes of solid waste from camps

According to an UNRWA situation report, 272 UNRWA team members were killed in 665 Israeli attacks and 205 UNRWA facilities were damaged.

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What happens following the implementation of the ban?

Despite Israel’s ban and the already hostile work environment, Lazzarini reaffirmed UNRWA’s commitment to “stay and deliver”.

In direct conflict with international law, Israel annexed East Jerusalem in 1980 in violation of international law, with the first law passed by the Knesset prohibiting UNRWA activities or presence there.

A second law also prohibits any communication between UNRWA and Israeli officials. The law only prohibits contact in the West Bank and Gaza, but it does state that having no formal administrative or bureaucratic connections makes your work environment even more challenging, according to Lazzarini.

UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini attends a briefing on the humanitarian situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory at the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, June 25, 2024. REUTERS/Denis Balibouse
Philippe Lazzarini has led UNRWA since 2020]File: Denis Balibouse/Reuters]

UNRWA’s non-Palestinian staff members will also be limited by the ban, but Palestinian employees will still be permitted to work there.

The organization will continue to do everything in its power to fulfill its mandate and provide essential services to help the Palestinian refugees’ plight, Lazzarini continued.

UNRWA’s top donors

In 2023, UNRWA received $1.46bn in total pledges with the largest contributions coming from the US ($422m), Germany ($212.9m) and the European Union ($120.2m).

Needs for funding in 2025

UNRWA estimates that 275, 000 people in the West Bank and East Jerusalem need $1.7 billion to meet their most pressing humanitarian needs.

This includes:

    Food ($568.5m): Nearly half of Gaza’s population depends on food aid from UNRWA. 1.13 million people in Gaza and more than 23 000 people in the West Bank will receive food thanks to this funding.

  • Water and sanitation ($282.6m): This money would go to ensuring access to clean water and proper sanitation, especially in Gaza, where Israel’s war has decimated water infrastructure.
  • Coordination and management ($202.3m): Funds are also needed for maintaining staff, logistics and coordination to deliver aid effectively.

Trump offers federal workers buyout, promises eight months severance pay

In his most radical and swift reform of the administration, Donald Trump has made the most of his most radical and quick move by giving most federal employees the option to leave their jobs by the following week in exchange for eight months of severance pay.

As Trump attempts to fulfill one of his campaign promises to shrink the government, an Office of Personnel Management (OPM) memorandum was released on Tuesday.

Additionally, the memo warned of potential downsizing and that the Trump administration would begin imposing “enhanced standards of suitability and conduct” on all federal employees.

People who voluntarily leave their posts will receive about eight months of pay, according to an email sent to millions of employees, but they must make a choice by February 6.

Katie Miller, a member of the Department of Government Efficiency, a Trump administration department under the leadership of Tesla’s Elon Musk, posted on X: “This email is being sent to more than TWO MILLION federal employees.

According to the Pew Research Center, over three million people were employed by the US government as of November, making up nearly 1.9 percent of the entire civilian workforce.

According to a Pew analysis of OPM data, the average tenure for a federal employee is nearly 12 years.

According to a senior administration official, the White House anticipated the departure of 5 to 10% of federal employees, which would have saved an estimated $100 billion.

Even a small percentage of the workforce who consents to buyouts could shock the economy and cause widespread disruptions in society as a whole, leading to unknowable and unfulfilled implications for the delivery, timeliness, and effectiveness of federal services nationwide.

Everett Kelley, president of the American Federation of Government Employees, responded by saying that the offers should not be seen as voluntary buyouts but as a form of pressure on employees who are not expected to support the new administration.

According to Kelley, “Purging the federal government of dedicated career federal employees will have enormous, unintended consequences that will cause chaos for Americans who depend on a functioning federal government.” It is obvious that the Trump administration’s goal is to make the federal government a toxic environment where employees can stay even if they want to, according to &nbsp.

When Musk acquired the social media platform in the late 2022, the email to public workers resembled the tweet sent to Twitter users. If they wanted to stay with the business, which Musk later changed to X, they requested an email response.

US revokes security clearance of former military chief Milley

Former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Mark Milley’s personal security detail and security clearance have been removed from the US.

The former army chief, who has irked the newly re-elected President Donald Trump, was named as the subject of a Pentagon announcement on Tuesday. Pete Hegseth, the secretary of defense of the United States, has also ordered an investigation into his conduct.

Hegseth has instructed the Inspector General of the Department of Defense to launch an investigation into Milley’s behavior to determine whether reopening a Milley-related military grade assessment, according to a statement from the Pentagon on Tuesday.

“Undermining the chain of command is corrosive to our national security”, Joe Kasper, the Defense Department chief of staff, said in a statement.

Shortly after Trump took the oath of office, Milley’s image was taken from the Pentagon. The Pentagon’s second and final portrait, in the opinion of US news outlet Fox News, will also be taken down.

In response to growing hostility between the two, Trump fired Milley from the National Infrastructure Advisory Council earlier this month.

Milley called Beijing to reassure China of the US stability following the Capitol attack on January 6, 2021.

Trump called the phone call “an act so egregious that the punishment would have been death” in the past.

Former Trump appointee Milley once claimed that the Republican leader was “fascist to the core.”

Former President Joe Biden granted a&nbsp, a preemptive pardon from Milley on his last day in office, a request for which the 66-year-old former general expressed gratitude.

The ex-military chief and others “do not deserve to be the targets of unjustified and politically motivated prosecutions,” according to Biden.

Doomsday Clock is now 89 seconds to midnight, what does that mean?

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (BAS) has moved the Doomsday Clock by one second to 89 seconds before midnight, indicating a greater risk of global catastrophe for the first time in three years.

The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists’ science and security board is satisfied that the world has not made sufficient progress in addressing the existential risks that threaten humanity as a whole. We thus move the clock forward”, Daniel Holz, chair of the organisation’s science and security board, said during a livestreamed event on Tuesday.

Ongoing threats from nuclear weapons, climate change, bioweapons, infectious disease, and disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) have brought the clock to its latest time in 78 years.

What is the Doomsday Clock?

According to BAS, a nonprofit organization with headquarters in Chicago, the Doomsday Clock is a symbolic timepiece that illustrates how close we are to “destroying our world with dangerous technologies of our own making.”

It describes&nbsp, it as “many things all at once: It’s a metaphor, it’s a logo, it’s a brand, and it’s one of the most recognisable symbols in the past 100 years”.

The closer it moves to midnight, the closer humanity is to the end of the world.

Apocalyptic threats could arise from political tensions, weapons, technology, climate change or pandemics.

How is the clock set?

According to the scientists’ interpretations of existential threats at a specific time, the clock’s hands are moved closer to or farther away from midnight.

BAS updates the time annually. 10 Nobel laureates are among the members of a board that meets annually to discuss global events and decide where to put the clock’s feet on the ground.

“The Bulletin is a bit like a doctor making a diagnosis”, the BAS website says.

“We look at data, as physicians look at lab tests and x-rays, and also take harder-to-quantify factors into account, as physicians do when talking with patients and family members. We consider as many symptoms, measurements, and circumstances as we can. Then, it concludes, we have a conclusion that encapsulates what might occur if politicians and citizens don’t take action to improve the situation.

Has there ever been a turn-around?

The signing of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) between US President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 helped to reduce their respective nations’ nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles.

The clock was reset by seven seconds as a result. The clock has been running since midnight for 17 minutes.

Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George Bush talk appear at a news conference in 1991
At their press conference in London on July 17, 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush laugh at the slight muddle between the simultaneous translations.

When was the Doomsday Clock created?

The&nbsp, clock was created in 1947 by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which was founded two years earlier by scientists Albert Einstein, J Robert Oppenheimer and Eugene Rabinowitch along with University of Chicago scholars.

During that time, the clock was set at seven minutes to midnight. But after the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb in 1949, Rabinowitch, who was then the bulletin’s editor, moved the clock to three minutes to midnight.

According to the University of Chicago, until recently, the closest it had ever been set was at&nbsp, two minutes to midnight: &nbsp, in 1953 when the US and the Soviet Union tested thermonuclear weapons and in 2018 because of “a breakdown in the international order, of nuclear actors, as well as the continuing lack of action on climate change”.

The University of Chicago’s BAS offices are home to the Doomsday Clock.

Military governments lead West African trio out of ECOWAS regional bloc

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has withdrawn from the military governments of Niger, Mali, and Burkinabe.

The regional bloc’s presence in Nigeria made the official withdrawal announcement in a statement on Wednesday. ECOWAS has become a target for the three countries as a result of a string of coups, fighting with Muslim armed groups, and regional conflict.

The culmination of a yearlong process, the trio’s exit “has become effective today”, ECOWAS said. Following a military coup, the bloc demanded the resumption of democratic rule in Niger. They first made their intentions to leave in January 2024.

The bloc stated in the statement that it would “keep ECOWAS’ doors open” in the spirit of “regional solidarity” and that it would make an effort to prevent its unprecedented demise.

The remaining member states were asked to continue providing citizens from the three nations with membership benefits, including the right to free movement of goods and people.

The 15-nation bloc, which was established in 1975, has since become the region’s most powerful political force, frequently working with states to address domestic issues ranging from politics to security.

However, amid a series of military takeovers, continuing struggles with religious armed groups, and competition for influence between Russia and former colonial power France, the bloc has found itself in the crosshairs.

In Niger and Burkinabe, hundreds of people showed up on Tuesday to back the action.

They chanted slogans opposing French President Emmanuel Macron and other regional leaders with whom Niger has strained relations, such as Benin, Nigeria, or Ivory Coast, under the direction of members of the military-led government in Niamey, in the country’s capital.

In Burkina, thousands, including Prime Minister Rimtalba Jean-Emmanuel Ouedraogo and other members of the government, gathered in Ouagadougou’s Nation Square.

According to Ouedraogo, “To cut the cord of imperialism, we must use an axe rather than the delicate hands of a midwife.”

The military leaders of the three nations have accused ECOWAS of being influenced by France’s interests after taking office over the past five years amid a wave of coups. Amid the tensions, they have increasingly turned to Russia.

The Alliance of Sahel States, a security partnership established by the trio in September, aims to assist one another in preventing armed uprisings or external aggression.

Al-Qaeda and ISIL (ISIS)-linked arm groups have long battled for territory in all three countries, launching years of bloodshed.