Category World News

Islamabad, Pakistan – On a pleasant February afternoon in Pakistan’s capital, Islamabad, the sound of strumming guitars fills a small bedroom in a two-storey home that houses tenants from neighbouring Afghanistan.

A flight of slippery marble stairs leads to the room on the first floor, where the bright rays of the sun enter through the window and bounce off the musical instruments, which belong to four young guitarists.

These guitarists – 18-year-old Yasemin aka Jellybean, 16-year-old Zakia, 14-year-old Shukriya, and seven-year-old Uzra – are Afghan refugees who, with their families, fled the country after the Taliban returned to power in August 2021.

Yasemin and Uzra are sisters, as are Zakiya and Shukriya. This is where Yasemin&nbsp, and Uzra are now living with their family.

The bedroom is where the girls spend hours at a stretch practicing and jamming from Saturday to Thursday. Friday is their weekly day off.

On the day Al Jazeera visits, the girls are busy tuning their guitars. They tease one another as they strum squeaky, off-key chords in between.

Dressed in a grey sweatshirt, her head covered with a black scarf, Yasemin is the group’s lead guitarist and a fan of Blues legend BB King and Pink Floyd’s David Gilmour. “I really want to see and produce music with him”, says Yasemin on her dream to meet Gilmour, before crooning a track by King.

As she tunes her sturdy wooden guitar with her dependable red pick, Yasemin turns towards her bandmates and guides them in adjusting theirs.

The girls learned to play the guitar at Miraculous Love Kids, a music school for children in Kabul set up in 2016 by Lanny Cordola, a rock musician from California. The girls, whose first language is Dari, also learned to speak basic English from Cordola in Kabul, where they attended regular school as well.

Their world was turned upside down when the Taliban re-took power on August 15, 2021, after 20 years. The girls were afraid to step outside their homes following a spate of restrictions imposed on women. Cordola, who left Kabul for Islamabad the day the Taliban returned to power, began hatching plans to pluck his students and their families out of Afghanistan so the girls could continue to pursue their music dreams.

After months of lobbying donors for funding and negotiating with agents who promised to help the families escape, Cordola finally managed to get seven of his students out, to Islamabad, in April 2022. Even as he continued to teach them there, Cordola worked towards eventually resettling them and their families in the United States, which had announced a programme to take in Afghan allies and refugees who wanted to flee Taliban rule.

Three of the seven girls were relocated to the US over the past few months. Yasemin, Zakia, Shukriya and Uzra – and their families – were supposed to fly on February 5.

“It felt like we had everything in place. They]the US government] did all their medical tests, vetting, screening and interviews. We had the date”, says Cordola.

Then Donald Trump took office.

Almost immediately, Trump issued a series of executive orders, including one that suspended all refugee programmes for 90 days. “Now, it is all new again”, Cordola says, adding that the “devastating” move has postponed the relocation plans “indefinitely”.

But things would get even worse.

On March 7, the Pakistani government announced its own plans to deport all Afghan nationals, even those with proper documentation, back to their country by June 30.

For those Afghan refugees hoping to relocate to a Western country – like Yasemin, Zakia, Shukriya and Uzra – the deadline to leave Pakistan is even more imminent: Islamabad has said it will begin deporting them on April 1.

‘ Girl with a guitar ‘

To gather at Yasemin and Uzra’s house for practice, Cordola picks Zakia and Shukirya up in a van from their home a few blocks away.

“We practise for about three to four hours”, says Cordola.

In a floral lilac dress and a white headscarf, Zakia’s slender fingers hit the chords on her guitar, which bears her initial, Z. She taps her feet to match the rhythm – Chris Martin of Coldplay is her favourite musician.

Her younger sister, Shukriya, sporting a double braid with two strands of hair resting on her rosy cheeks, is fond of American musician Dave Matthews, but also has a soft spot for South Korean band BTS and its singer, RM.

“RM is my favourite. I like his dancing and rapping… it’s beautiful”, says Shukriya, as her teacher, Cordola, shakes his head in disbelief – and gentle disapproval.

Uzra, Yasemin’s younger sister, wears a lime-coloured sport watch on her left wrist, a sequinned teddy bear sweatshirt and black, patterned trousers, as she grips her smaller guitar. She struggles to climb on to the chair, then breaks into soft, husky vocals. “She is a normal seven-year-old in a lot of ways. But when she is in the studio, she is very, very focused. I can’t joke with her when she is in there”, says Cordola about his youngest student.

Then Cordola joins them in the jam session, strumming his black guitar. The girls nod in tandem and break into “Girl with a Guitar”, their own original, instrumental song.

Practice ends at 1pm, and the girls go about the rest of their day – having lunch, praying, helping their mothers with chores and spending time with their families.

Uzra, Yasemin says, is friends with the neighbours ‘ child, and always finds ways to step out of the house to play with her. Almost on cue, the little guitarist dashes out of the room.

Turning ‘ Unstoppable ‘

On days when the girls manage to find some leisure time for themselves while the sun is still out, they and their siblings visit Islamabad’s parks and amusement spaces with their teacher.

Cordola picks them up in his white Suzuki high roof, and they head out to the popular picnic spot Daman-e-Koh in the Margalla Hills or a tourist favourite, Pakistan Monument on the Shakarparian Hills.

The green F-9 Park is also a favourite. There, Zakia sits on its fresh, dewy grass while Uzra enjoys swaying to and fro on the swings. Shukriya is dreaming of visiting a nearby food street, where she’s hoping for a treat – pani puri, soup, ice cream and the classic samosa. Yasemin says she’s a fan of rice and loves eating daal chawal (lentils with rice). To Zakia, chicken biryani and pani puri are the best food that Pakistan has to offer.

But music is what makes the girls happiest – and is what made it possible for them to connect with multiple Grammy-nominated Australian singer and songwriter Sia.

After they recorded a rendition of her female empowerment anthem, Unstoppable, in 2024, the Aussie vocalist sent the girls a special message praising their talent.

“Thank you so much for singing ‘ Unstoppable ‘ and for your support. I love you so much. I love you so much. I really feel for what you’re going through”, she said in a video message to the girls.

The video of Sia’s track is shot with the girls singing against the backdrop of lush green parks and atop the Shakarparian Hills. The music was recorded at the studio of Pakistani record producer Sarmad Ghafoor, a friend of Cordola’s. The song was released on March 18.

At the time they recorded the song, three girls from Cordola’s Kabul school who have now moved to the US were also with Yasemin, Zakia, Shukriya and Uzra in Islamabad.

“We had to change our costumes in between the shoot and it was challenging to do it at the locations, but we managed to do it by covering up for each other and also having fun the whole time”, recalls Shukriya.

When Sia reacted to their performance in a video message for them, the girls couldn’t believe it.

“She is someone who didn’t need to make a video for us, but she did. She is a really kind and inspirational woman”, says Yasemin. “She spoke with her heart and gave us a lot of hope. Sometimes we lose hope and think that we won’t be able to do what we want to do in life. But her powerful words really inspired and motivated us”.

Selling candy to strumming a guitar

Nothing about Yasemin’s life today resembles what it did seven years ago, when she first met Cordola.

At his school, Cordola “wanted to focus on girls ‘ education and rights”, he says. “It’s education through the arts”. He convinced the parents of several children who worked on the streets, especially those of girls, to allow them at his music school.

He first met Yasemin at a park where she sold candy and chewing gum, while her father washed cars nearby.

“I was 11 years old when I first met Mr Lanny in 2017”, Yasemin recalls. “I first saw Mr Lanny in the park with a lot of children. At the time, I did not talk to him because I was very shy and also afraid of seeing people gathered in one place. The fear of an explosion in such a space was always in my mind”.

Eventually, Cordola reached out to her through another girl, gave her 150 Afghanis ($2.11) and asked her to visit the music school with her father. “I was hesitant at first, but a friend named Yalda was already going to the school, so I went to Miraculous with her. When I held the guitar for the first time there, it felt zabardast (awesome)”, she recalls.

Yasemin’s father initially didn’t want her to join the music school, worried about how it would be viewed in the conservative Afghan society. “But later when he got familiar with Mr Lanny, he agreed to it”, she says.

Cordola recalls that Yasemin’s father gave in when he learned that his daughter would not need to work in the park any more. “I gave a monthly stipend to the children who did well at the school”, he says.

Fauzia, Yasemin and Uzra’s mother, was happy when her daughter began studying music. “I felt good because]through the guitar] she]Yasemin] wanted to depend on herself for her future. Now, I feel proud that she is not only doing this for herself but also for those who need support”.

She was nicknamed Jellybean by Cordola after being confused with another girl with the same name at the Kabul school. “When Mr Lanny called our name ‘ Yasemin’, both of us would respond to him. This caused a lot of confusion”, she chuckles.

In the same neighbourhood in which Yasemin and her father worked, Zakia and her father used to sell sunflower seeds. Cordola gave Zakia a visiting card and told her to visit the music school with her father, 52-year-old Muhammad Sabir.

“The next day, I went there with my father to Miraculous. There, I saw the guitars and other girls playing it. I really liked it. Initially, my mother didn’t allow me because she was sceptical and scared about Mr Lanny. But I insisted on trying my luck. After I went there, I began practising the guitar and drawing, and never went back to the hill to work again”, says Zakia.

Shukriya, who first visited the school with her elder sibling out of curiosity, was so fascinated by the guitars that she too soon joined Cordola’s growing class.

Their father, Cordola recalls, was excited at the idea of sending his daughters to his music school. “Zakia’s father was smiling when I first met him. He asked, ‘ Can we come now? ‘ But I told him to come the next day. He came the next day and said, ‘ this is great. ‘”

A tall Sabir smiles as he recalls that time. Sitting at his residence in Islamabad, he says he was “happy for the children and supported them to play the guitar”.

“I liked music myself before I even met Mr Lanny”, says Sabir. “When the opportunity came, I didn’t want my daughters to lose it. It was for their better future”.

It all changed with the Taliban’s return.

Escaping the Taliban – and waiting on Pakistan

Suddenly, the girls were afraid to leave their homes following a spate of restrictions imposed on women. “When the situation in Afghanistan worsened, I told the girls not to use it (the guitar). The Taliban don’t allow music and consider it haram (forbidden). I hid Shukriya’s small guitar and broke Zakia’s because it was bigger”, says Sabir.

Yasemin recalls one time when she stepped out to go to the bazaar.

“I wasn’t wearing a mask and the Taliban pointed a gun at me asking me to wear it right there and then”, she says, referring to a face veil. “It was really hard, especially for women in Afghanistan”.

Cordola, meanwhile, worked with donors to raise money to get passports made for the families of his students, and to hire guides to bring them to the border – and then across into Pakistan.

After many false starts, the seven girls and their families finally made it to Pakistan in April 2022. Today, Cordola funds their rent, expenses – and the girls ‘ guitars – through donations.

But all of those efforts now appear at risk.

In recent years, Pakistan has stepped up its deportation of Afghan refugees – some of whom have spent most or all of their lives in Pakistan.

Pakistan deported 842, 429 Afghan refugees, per the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), between September 2023 and February 2025.

According to Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, about 40, 000 Afghans in Pakistan await resettlement after “almost 80, 000” were welcomed by different countries. At least 10, 000 to 15, 000 among the refugees still in Pakistan were cleared for resettlement in the US, according to #AfghanEvac, a coalition of US veterans and advocacy groups, before Trump blocked their move.

Philippa Candler, the country representative of the UNHCR, in a statement said: “Forced return to Afghanistan could place some people at increased risk. We urge Pakistan to continue to provide safety to Afghans at risk, irrespective of their documentation status”.

Shawn VanDiver, who heads #AfghanEvac, stresses the need for the US government to fulfil its promises. “Our national commitments cannot be conditional and temporary. Countries around the world are never going to trust the word of the US if our presidents can’t be counted on to carry out the commitments they have made”, he says. “This is just outrageous”.

He also has an appeal to the government of Pakistan.

“The 90-day mark]when Trump’s pause on refugee resettlement ends] is around April, so we would like Pakistan to give them]Afghans] a little bit of extra time. We hope they will but we haven’t gotten any positive indications through action, only words. All the action we’re seeing is negative”, says VanDiver.

“If nothing changes these people]Afghans] are in real trouble”.

Asmat Ullah Shah, the Pakistan government’s chief commissioner for Afghan refugees in Islamabad, says Afghan nationals awaiting resettlement hold no legal status as per Pakistani law.

But, he insists, authorities have not taken any action against them because embassies and international organisations have committed to moving them to other countries.

“When problems began to increase, affecting Pakistan’s security, a timeframe was set for these embassies to fulfil their commitments and ensure resettlement. But, some have evaded their promises”, he says.

While a court has given relief until the end of June to some Afghan refugees in Pakistan, that doesn’t cover the four guitarist girls and their families, who don’t have the documentation needed for that temporary reprieve.

Saeed Husain, a founding member of the Joint Action Committee for Refugees (JAC-R), an advocacy platform for Afghan refugees in Pakistan, blames the crisis on Western countries that had promised to take in Afghan refugees but haven’t processed applications of those still in limbo in countries like Pakistan.

“Their lives have been on pause for the last four years. They haven’t been able to get an education or find jobs”, he says, adding that Pakistan’s move to now send these refugees “back to Afghanistan is essentially giving them a death sentence”.

A letter to Trump

When they learned about Trump’s pause on refugee entries, and then Pakistan’s plans to deport Afghans, the girls say they couldn’t believe the news.

“We had been disappointed many times after getting hopes of going abroad. We’d be waiting to hear good news, but would then find out that it can’t happen”, Yasemin says. “But the recent news was still very shocking to us”.

The girls and their families know that going back to Afghanistan would likely mean giving up on music for good.

Zakia says she wants to become a professional guitarist. She’s still sad about her father breaking her earlier guitar out of fear it would be found by the Taliban. “That night was very hard for me. I cried a lot”, she says. But after arriving in Pakistan, all the girls received new guitars from their teacher.

Meanwhile, Shukriya misses going to the music school back home. “I miss the time in Kabul when we played together, talked (to our friends) after practice and ate together”, she says, recalling what she knows she won’t be able to relive if she were to return to Kabul now.

But Cordola and the girls refuse to give up.

The teacher has been reaching out to musicians and people with contacts in the US government to make the relocation possible.

“I am sending out messages to people who can perhaps contact the upper echelons in the American government. The girls have collaborated with some of the most well-known musicians in the US and UK. We are not looking for extra favours, but to get them opportunities”, he says.

Cordola says he has also written an open letter to Trump on behalf of the young musicians, urging the US president to allow them into the country.

In his letter, the musician wrote that if the girls are denied the chance to resettle to the US, they will be deported back to Afghanistan, where they will be at risk of being subjected to “imprisonment, and even punishment by death”.

“They are ready to assimilate and contribute. They are not there to take. They want to be a part of the American dream”, he says. “We are willing to go and play a little concert for President Trump if he would be interested”.

The girls, Cordola adds, could also be relocated to other countries that are “willing to welcome them and provide legal and safe residence”, adding that a leading advocate for female Afghan musicians is interested in relocating them to Northern Ireland’s Belfast, a UNESCO-recognised city for its music.

Most of all, the girls just want to stay together – in whichever part of the world will have them.

“When I’m out of here, it is my dream for all the girls to come together and stand strong on our feet. I can’t do it alone. When all of us girls come together with Mr Lanny at the same place, we will do something”, says Yasemin.

Fauzia, Yasemin and Uzra’s mother, says she is grateful to Pakistan for hosting them. But she knows that the family’s future hinges on Western governments giving them sanctuary soon. “Our lives were at risk in Afghanistan and even in Pakistan there is no peace. Whether it is the US or any other government, we request help for those whose lives are in danger”, she says.

Until then, the girls have their guitars, their music and their dreams to live with.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), an independent government agency tasked with examining and preventing financial malpractice, has been ordered by a federal judge to end its efforts under President Donald Trump.

The bureau was prevented from being closed while court proceedings continue, according to US District Judge Amy Berman Jackson’s request for a preliminary injunction from employees, advocates, and union representatives on Friday.

In her order, the judge wrote, “The Court cannot look away, or the CFPB will be completely dissolved and dismantled,” with the exception of “the court cannot look away.”

Given the rapid nature of the Trump administration’s efforts, she concurred with the plaintiffs that there was a risk of immediate, irreparable harm.

Before the Court has the opportunity to decide whether the law permits them to do it, the defendants “will eliminate the agency” according to Berman Jackson. &nbsp,

The Trump administration’s campaign to streamline the federal government, often through extensive staffing cuts and the elimination of entire agencies and departments, had just recently received its most recent ruling in the myriad court cases.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio even earlier announced that he had informed Congress of plans to rename the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and give its independent functions executive control.

However, some people have questioned the legality of these maneuvers. They contend that the president overstepped his constitutional bounds by overriding congressional decisions, and that USAID and the CFPB were established as independent entities under the control of Congress.

Conservatives have long been angry with the CFPB in particular.

The bureau was established in 2011 as a result of the bureau’s response to the 2007 financial crisis, which was fueled by predatory lending practices.

The CFPB served as a watchdog by collecting data from banks and financial service providers, conducting research, monitoring financial markets, and responding to complaints from regular people who had received deceptive or illegal information from their banks or financial services providers.

The bureau had already claimed credit as of December 2024 for recouping $ 21 billion in consumer debt through debt reductions, settlements, or other financial compensation from its enforcement actions.

However, many Republicans and leaders in the financial sector have criticised the bureau’s enforcement and regulatory practices, accusing them of stifling businesses.

Trump made a move to replace Rohit Chopra, the bureau’s director, with an ally on January 31 shortly after the start of his second term in office.

By February 8th, the bureau had been given the order to end all investigations, including those that were pending, and to completely stop any enforcement activities that had been fundamentally halting its functions. Its corporate headquarters closed the following day. The bureau also began to notice similar, frequent layoffs affecting other federal agencies.

Judge Berman Jackson quoted a number of the CFPB’s critics from the Trump administration to begin her 112-page decision.

“For a long time, the CFPB has been a wakening and weaponized agency against marginalized businesses and individuals.” Under Trump, Office of Management and Budget director Russell Vought called for an end to this.

Elon Musk, a Trump adviser and billionaire businessman, called on Berman Jackson to “delete” the bureau, adding to the list of critics in Berman Jackson’s order.

On February 7, he succinctly wrote, “CFPB RIP,” as his Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) orchestrated the organization’s destruction.

As he expands the financial services offered on his social media platform X, Musk has been accused of having a conflict of interest with the CFPB.

In the first sentence of her decision, Judge Berman Jackson emphasized that she did not take her decision lightly.

Should the Court intervene now before the case involving its fate has been settled, according to the preliminary injunction to be decided? The writing of Bernard Jackson That is an extraordinary move, they say.

She did not deny that the injunction was necessary because, she said, “The Court’s oversight is the only thing that prevents the defendants.”

The National Treasury Employees Union and the renowned civil rights organization NAACP were among the plaintiffs.

Reverend Eva Steege, an 83-year-old Lutheran pastor who requested financial aid from the CFPB for student loans she took while attending seminary, is named in the complaint as well.

The CFBP discovered that Steege had qualified for both overpayments of $15, 000 and loan forgiveness when she was investigating her case.

Steege is currently receiving hospice care, according to the complaint.

In her decision, Judge Berman Jackson wrote that “her hope was to pay the debt and spare her family that burden after she passed away.”

Steege was left in a bind by the CFPB’s sudden suspension, which prevented her from receiving a verdict on her case or recovering her overpayment.

The judge explained that Steege’s fear of leaving her surviving family members saddled with her student loan debt “came into effect on March 15 when she passed away.”

According to Berman Jackson, the case raised concerns about the US Constitution’s “legislative authority” separation and whether the president had violated it.

When the defendants filed for injunctive relief, the evidence revealed that they were actually working together to shut the agency down completely, she wrote.

The defendants are not free to dissolve an agency created by statute on their own, and not before the Court has had the opportunity to decide on the merits of the plaintiffs’ challenge, despite the President having the authority to do so through Congress.

She also brought up the lawyers for the Trump administration’s “disingenuous” arguments.

No cause existed for Asad Dandia to think that he was being watched by state surveillance when he received a message from a young man by the name Shamiur Rahman in March 2012.

Rahman simply seemed motivated to pursue a deeper understanding of Islam and volunteer for charitable causes. Dandia was pleased to assist as a Muslim community organizer in New York City.

The young man quickly grew to be a fixture at social gatherings, meetings, and initiatives to assist people in their own homes. Rahman even spent a night at Rahman’s family home.

Rahman confessed on social media almost seven months later that he worked for the New York City Police Department (NYPD).

Dandia eventually filed a class-action lawsuit alleging that the city of New York targeted Muslim communities for surveillance as part of the country’s wider “war on terror.”

Four years later, the city settled and consented to unfavorable political and religious investigation.

However, Dandia notices a similar pattern in the recent detention of pro-Palestinian student protesters from other countries.

He is one of the activists and experts who have observed an increase in patterns and practices, from unwarranted surveillance to widespread executive power use.

According to Dandia, “what I endured was very similar to what students are experiencing today.”

He noted that a lawyer who defended him is currently working on the case of permanent resident and Columbia University student Mahmoud Khalil, who faces deportation for his pro-Palestine activism.

Khalil has been charged with a crime and given no evidence to support the claim, which is consistent with President Donald Trump’s administration’s assertion that he supports terrorism.

According to Dandia, the common thread between their experiences is the idea that Muslim, Arab, and immigrant communities are inherently suspect. Even if what Trump is trying right now is unheard, it is based on established customs and laws.

From neighbors to adversaries

According to scholars and analysts, the combination of harsher immigration laws and rhetoric that emphasizes national security is one of the highlights.

The “war on terror” largely began after the attacks on September 11, 2001, which targeted New York City.

In the days that followed, former president George W. Bush began detaining numerous immigrants over alleged ties to terrorism, almost all of whom were Muslims, Arabs, and South Asians.

According to the American Immigration Council, a nonprofit based in Washington, the initial sweep saw 1,200 arrests. In the end, many were deported.

However, the immigration raids did not lead to a single terrorism-related conviction. The government was still promoting the deportations as being “linked to the September 11 investigation,” according to a 2004 report from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).

According to Spencer Ackerman, a reporter who covered the war on terror and is the author of the book Reign of Terror, “Muslim communities were treated not as fellow New Yorkers who were living through the trauma of an attack on their city, but as potential accessories, witnesses, or perpetrators of a follow-on attack.”

According to the ACLU report, some detained individuals were confined to their hands and legs while others were confined to their cells. Some were detained for a long time after the government found them guilty of any wrongdoing.

Fear exists in “the homeland.”

According to Nikhil Singh, a history professor at New York University, the US began to look for enemies within its own communities during a time of increased fear.

According to Singh, “the notion that the US was fighting these non-state groups who didn’t have borders started to suggest that the fight against those enemies could take place anywhere, even in what the Bush administration began to refer to as “the homeland””.

He argued that those detentions after September 11 used a broad sense of executive power to support the alleged lack of due process for terror suspects.

The executive is obligated to maintain the safety of the country, and for this reason, needs to be able to suspend fundamental rights and ignore constitutional restraints, according to the statement.

The ACLU’s New York branch’s executive counsel Art Eisenberg argued that the practice of discriminating against immigrant communities goes back more than just the “war on terror” to address national security concerns.

The beginning of the 20th century is where policing, surveillance, and covert work are conducted, according to the author. The New York City police intelligence bureau was previously known as the Red Squad, but it had earlier been known as “the Italian squad,” according to Eisenberg.

Eventually, those operations changed to include, among others, the Black Panthers, civil rights activists, and new sources of potential dissention.

He continued, noting that the “war on terror” had accelerated that targeting. And those actions can have an impact on local communities.

More than one-third of Pakistanis in a Brooklyn neighborhood known as “Little Pakistan” were deported or made to leave the area in the years following the September 11 attacks.

Later, when it became clear that Dandia’s organization had been spied on, donations started to run out, and the mosque where meetings were held instructed to go outside instead.

No one had been formally charged. However, Dandia claims that the organization eventually shut down because of the chilling effects of the surveillance.

Why should you worry if you’re not doing anything wrong, people always ask? Dandia remarked. However, the government is in charge of making decisions about what is right and wrong.

Escalating attacks

Critics claim that ambiguous allegations of terrorism are still being used as a pretext to silence opposition under the Trump administration.

The Department of Homeland Security claimed in a statement that Khalil’s arrest demonstrated that his association with Hamas, a Palestinian armed group, was “aligned” with campus protests against Israel’s occupation of Gaza.

A 30-year-old Turkish graduate student named Rumeysa Ozturk was taken away on her way to dinner on Wednesday when masked federal agents grabbed her.

Without providing specifics, the Department of Homeland Security also accused Ozturk of engaging in “in support of Hamas” in that case.

Hamas has been classified as a foreign terrorist organization by the US since 1997. Citizens and residents of the US are not permitted to offer “material support” to these organizations.

However, Yale University professor of law and history Samuel Moyn claimed that the most recent arrests did not go against that standard.

The fact that they no longer make up accusations of material support for terrorism, Moyn told Al Jazeera is “funny.” They are relying on the assertion that these viewpoints conflict with US foreign policy.

Singh argued that Trump can use the legacy of the “war on terror” while pursuing his own goals, including a crackdown on immigration, with the seemingly arbitrary detentions.

According to Singh, “the immigration agenda intersects with the war on terror.” The former gives you a framework for broad presidential power while the latter involves gradually robbing away at traditional constitutional rights.

A broad view of presidential power, according to Ackerman, could lead to further human rights violations, even if they were unchecked.

He predicted that if institutionalized abuses were never to be held accountable, they would continue and grow. That is the lesson of a lot of noxious human history, not just the war on terror.