In Khartoum, exhumation of makeshift graves reawakens families’ grief

Khartoum, Sudan – Iman Abdel-Azim had to bury her brother in the courtyard of her home in Khartoum North when he died as fighting between the Sudanese military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces raged around them.

Her brother died of cholera in September last year, unable to access medical care.

Recommended Stories

list of 3 itemsend of list

Her neighbours had to help her bury him because it was impossible to access cemeteries during the fighting. She was not the only resident of the capital region’s three cities – Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman – who had to do this.

After Khartoum State announced at the beginning of December a major effort to exhume the remains of people buried in this makeshift manner and move them to cemeteries, Abdel-Azim feels her grief has been renewed as she relives the pain of losing a loved one.

Organised campaign

State and local committees were formed to implement the exhumations. They are made up of representatives from forensic medicine, Civil Defence, the Sudanese Red Crescent, and neighbourhood management and services committees.

Ahmed Abdel Rahman, executive director of Khartoum North, told Al Jazeera that the campaign aims to alleviate the psychological burden on families and improve the health and humanitarian situation in the capital region.

According to Abdel Rahman, the campaign is being overseen by the High Committee for Collecting the Remains of Those Who Died During the Battle of Dignity.

The process will unfold in stages, the first of which is identifying makeshift burial sites.

After that, families are notified and allowed to nominate a representative to be involved in every step, from exhumation to burial.

Forensic medicine specialists will supervise the exhumations and reburials in cemeteries with full documentation of the remains.

The process of transferring these remains began as early as when the Sudanese army took control of Khartoum State, Hisham Zain al-Abidin, director of the Forensic Medicine Authority in Khartoum State, explained to Al Jazeera.

He affirmed that by the first quarter of 2026, Khartoum and its seven districts would be free of any makeshift graves.

However, he added, the field teams responsible for the exhumations and reburials are facing a number of challenges, including a shortage of body bags, “which could affect the work being carried out as required”.

Forensic experts and the Sudanese Red Crescent exhume remains from makeshift graves  in Khartoum’s al-Azhari on August 2, 2025 [Ebrahim Hamid/AFP]

Sabotage

According to Zain al-Abidin, the Rapid Support Forces sabotaged the DNA units used to preserve samples from several buried bodies, which has made it difficult to identify many victims.

He said teams are numbering and documenting the burials of unidentified bodies, then burying them in graves specifically for unidentified individuals.

He called on stakeholders, organisations and citizens for help in preparing the graves and stressed that the work ahead is extensive and requires concerted efforts between the government and citizens.

For her part, Shireen Al-Tayeb Nour Al-Daem, vice president of the Steering and Services Committee in the Shambat neighbourhood of North Khartoum, told Al Jazeera that the committee had surveyed graves in homes, mosques and public squares in several neighbourhoods as a preliminary step before the arrival of medical teams and the commencement of exhumations and transfers of bodies.

Nour Al-Daem said the committee informs victims’ families to attend and follow up on the official procedures with the legal and medical teams until the transfers and burials are completed.

The committee is working on identifying and surveying the locations of makeshift graves, collecting data and communicating with families, Nour Al-Daem said, urging citizens to report the locations of makeshift graves so field teams can access them.

When teams arrive to undertake the exhumations and reburials, the committee will also undertake the logistics and support for those teams. This includes coordinating between the field teams and the families of the deceased to ensure the presence of the family or a representative.

If no relatives of the deceased are present, she added, the High Committee has instructed that the exhumation be halted.

She indicated that the country needs further efforts to complete reconstruction and rebuilding and what the committees are doing “paves the way for a safe environment for the return of citizens” despite the difficulty of people experiencing a second farewell to their loved ones.

FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2025 final: PSG vs Flamengo – team news, lineups

Who: Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) vs Flamengo
What: FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2025 final
When: Wednesday, December 17, 2025, at 8pm (17:00 GMT)
Where: Ahmad bin Ali Stadium, Doha, Qatar
How to follow: We will have all the build-up on Al Jazeera Sport from 14:00 GMT, before our live text commentary streams.

European heavyweights PSG and South American giants Flamengo clash in the FIFA Intercontinental Cup final, with each side eyeing another major trophy to cap off a stellar year.

Flamengo arrive fresh from a historic double, lifting the Copa Libertadores and the Brazilian Serie A title, a feat achieved only four times before, while PSG added four crowns, including the UEFA Champions League trophy, to their collection this year.

The revamped Intercontinental Cup brings together the winners of each confederation’s top club competition in a shorter format designed to complement FIFA’s expanded 32-team Club World Cup.

Here’s everything you need to know about the final:

What is the FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2025?

It is the second edition of the Intercontinental Cup, an annual knockout tournament organised by FIFA.

The tournament comprises the six continental champions from each of the six FIFA confederations: PSG (UEFA), Al Ahli FC (AFC), Cruz Azul (CONCACAF), Flamengo (CONMEBOL), Pyramids FC (CAF) and Auckland City FC (OFC).

The tournament began in September, with teams facing each other in a single-elimination bracket.

Here’s how the matches ended:

  • First round, September 14: Pyramids 3-0 Auckland City (African-Asian-Pacific Cup playoff)
  • Second round, September 23: Al Ahli 1-3 Pyramids (African-Asian-Pacific Cup)
  • Second round, December 10: Cruz Azul 1-2 Flamengo (Derby of the Americas)
  • Playoff, December 13: Flamengo 2-0 Pyramids (Challenger Cup)

The first two matches of the tournament were held in Cairo, Egypt, and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The next two were held in Al-Rayyan, Qatar.

Flamengo, the winners of the Copa Libertadores, are unbeaten in their last seven matches [Ricardo Moraes/Reuters]

How is the Intercontinental Cup different from the FIFA Club World Cup?

From 1960 to 2004, the Intercontinental Cup was held annually and pitted the champions of Europe and South America against each other.

In 2005, it was renamed the FIFA Club World Cup to include other continental champions. However, the competition was relaunched this year as a quadrennial tournament expanded to 32 teams, with Chelsea named the inaugural winners of the new format.

Similarly, the Intercontinental Cup was also relaunched in its new format in 2024 when Real Madrid beat Mexican club Pachuca.

While the Intercontinental Cup carries the honorary tag of annual “world champions”, it still ranks below the expanded Club World Cup in terms of prestige and significance.

Where is the final being held?

Al-Rayyan’s Ahmad bin Ali Stadium, named after a former emir of Qatar, will host the Intercontinental Cup final. The 45,032-capacity venue hosted seven matches during the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

A general view ahead of the World Cup group B soccer match between Wales and Iran, at the Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium in Al Rayyan , Qatar, Friday, Nov. 25, 2022. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez)
The Ahmad bin Ali Stadium in Al-Rayyan was one of the eight venues at the 2022 World Cup in Qatar [File: Manu Fernandez/AP Photo]

How did PSG and Flamengo reach the final?

As per the format confirmed in September 2024, PSG received an automatic bye to the final after winning the 2024-25 UEFA Champions League title. The Parisians thrashed Inter Milan 5-0 to be crowned European champions.

Meanwhile, Flamengo’s road to the final was far from straightforward. The Rio de Janeiro side first lifted the Copa Libertadores title, then edged Cruz Azul 2-1 in the Derby of the Americas, before defeating Pyramids 2-0 in the Challenger Cup to set up their showdown with PSG.

Form guide

All competitions, most recent result last:

PSG: W-D-W-L-W

Flamengo: W-W-D-W-W

Head-to-head: PSG-Flamengo

This will be the first competitive meeting between PSG and Flamengo.

Paris St Germain's Warren Zaire-Emery, Khvicha Kvaratskhelia, Joao Neves and Fabian Ruiz applaud fans after the match
PSG are the defending European and French champions [File: Albert Gea/Reuters]

PSG’s team news

PSG head coach Luis Enrique rested many of his usual starters – including Bradley Barcola, Joao Neves and Khvicha Kvaratskhelia – in their last Ligue 1 game before their trip to Qatar.

All three players will feature on Wednesday; however, the Parisians will be without Achraf Hakimi (ankle injury) and Marquinhos (hip injury), while star striker Ousmane Dembele is listed as doubtful due to illness.

PSG’s possible lineup

Lucas Chevalier (goalkeeper); Warren Zaire-Emery, Ilya Zabarnyi, Willian Pacho, Nuno Mendes; Joao Neves, Vitinha, Fabian Ruiz; Bradley Barcola, Senny Mayulu, Khvicha Kvaratskhelia

Flamengo’s team news

Head coach Filipe Luis did not name Allan in his squad that flew to Qatar. Apart from that, he has a fully fit squad to choose from for Wednesday’s final.

Flamengo’s possible lineup

Agustin Rossi (goalkeeper); Guillermo Varela, Danilo, Leo Pereira, Alex Sandro; Erick Pulgar, Jorginho; Jorge Carrascal, Giorgian de Arrascaeta, Everton; Gonzalo Plata

Are tickets still available for the final?

Tickets for the match went on sale on November 21 on the official FIFA platform across three categories, ranging from about $14 to $69. Some are still up for grabs.

Where to watch the final