Syrian army launches strikes against Kurdish-led SDF east of Aleppo

The Syrian army has launched a military operation against Kurdish fighters in the Kurdish-controlled area of Deir Hafer, following violent clashes in Aleppo.

The army issued warnings on Friday ahead of strikes targeting the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in Deir Hafer, some 50 kilometres (30 miles) east of Aleppo, saying it would focus on areas that Kurdish forces were using “as a launching point for their terrorist operations towards the city of Aleppo and its eastern countryside”.

SDF leader Mazloum Abdi (also known as Mazloum Kobani) said in response that his forces would withdraw to the east of the Euphrates River.

In a post on X, Abdi said that “based on calls from friendly countries and mediators … we have decided to withdraw our forces tomorrow morning at 7am [04:00 GMT]” east of Aleppo “towards redeployment in areas east of the Euphrates”.

Abdi said he was withdrawing fighters “in demonstration of … our commitment to implementing the provisions of the March 10th agreement”, referring to stalled plans to integrate the Kurdish de facto autonomous administration into the Syrian state.

Delays with implementation of the deal, which was supposed to see the Kurdish-led SDF integrating with the Syrian Ministry of Defence by the end of 2025, led to fierce clashes in Aleppo this month that left at least 23 people dead, according to Syria’s Ministry of Health.

As Syrian forces advanced, more than 150,000 fled two pockets of the city that the SDF, which controls swaths of Syria’s oil-rich north and northeast, had held since the early days of Syria’s civil war, which erupted in 2011.

By Sunday, Syrian troops had taken full control of Aleppo.

Friday’s attack came despite a meeting between a delegation of the United States-led coalition and Kurdish forces seeking to ease tensions.

At least 4,000 people left the Deir Hafer area on Friday after the army issued a deadline to flee, according to Syrian authorities.

Goodwill gesture

The Syrian government has been seeking to extend its authority nationwide following the removal of longtime leader Bashar al-Assad in December 2024.

In an apparent gesture of goodwill following the fighting in Aleppo, Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa issued a decree on Friday declaring Kurdish a “national language”.

The decree, the first formal recognition of Kurdish rights since independence in 1946, declares the minority “an essential and integral part” of Syria, where they have suffered decades of marginalisation and oppression.

Al-Sharaa also made Nowruz, the Kurdish new year falling on March 21, an official holiday and granted nationality to Kurds, as 20 percent had been stripped of it under a controversial 1962 census.

‘Profoundly pro-American’: Machado outlines a vision for Venezuela’s future

Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado has given her first formal news conference since fleeing her home country in December, and she used the occasion to reassure the United States of her unwavering support.

She also outlined a vision of Venezuela’s future where the South American country was closely aligned with US interests, following the abduction of former President Nicolas Maduro.

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“The result of a stable transition will be a proud Venezuela who is going to be the best ally the United States has ever had in the Americas,” Machado said at Friday’s event.

The news conference came one day after Machado travelled to the White House for a brief, closed-door lunch with US President Donald Trump. It took place on stage at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank known for publishing a policy blueprint for Trump’s second term, known as Project 2025.

Trump, like Machado, has long had a tense relationship with Maduro, the former bus driver who assumed Venezuela’s presidency in 2013 as the late Hugo Chavez’s hand-picked successor.

Machado ‘absolutely grateful’

Maduro was a champion of Chavez’s socialist political movement, chavismo, and he also faced widespread criticism for carrying out a campaign of human rights abuses, including the torture and imprisonment of political dissidents.

Since returning to office, Trump ratcheted up US pressure against Maduro’s government, including through a large-scale military buildup in the Caribbean Sea and the bombing of alleged drug-trafficking boats leaving Venezuela.

But on January 3, Trump’s campaign reached a zenith, as he launched a full-scale military attack on Caracas that resulted in Maduro’s abduction and transport to New York City to face trial.

Trump described the military offensive as a law enforcement operation, but critics have denounced it as a violation of international law, including the United Nations charter.

Machado was among the figures who had lobbied for such an intervention to take place, and she used Friday’s appearance to express gratitude for Trump’s actions.

“As Venezuelans, we are absolutely grateful to President Trump, his team, his administration and the people of the United States because it took a lot of courage to do what he did,” she said.

“And he did it, yes, on behalf of the American people, but also because he cares for the people of Venezuela, and he told me that yesterday.”

Trump has previously said that the US will “run” Venezuela and that, if the current government there did not obey his demands, a “second wave” of military action was possible.

A ‘complex phase’ in Venezuela’s history

So far, the Trump administration has avoided discussions of restoring Venezuela’s democracy, and it has declined to provide a timeline for new elections.

Instead, it has recognised the interim government of President Delcy Rodriguez, Maduro’s former deputy, citing the need for stability in Venezuela.

Trump’s support for Rodriguez has raised eyebrows, since Maduro’s last two elections were hotly contested. The most recent, in 2024, culminated with the government withholding the vote tallies typically released on election night — and Maduro claiming victory in his pursuit of a third term.

The opposition coalition, led by Machado, subsequently released documents that appeared to show its candidate, Edmundo Gonzalez Urrutia, winning by a landslide.

On stage at the Heritage Foundation, Machado reiterated her belief that she has a mandate from the Venezuelan people to lead the government.

“We are facing challenging times ahead. We are prepared to do what it takes as a legitimate government,” she said.

“Edmundo Gonzalez Urrutia and I have been in communication  permanently all these days, and we feel the mandate from the Venezuelan people. That’s why I’m here, and that’s what I conveyed to the president of the United States.”

But she softened her rhetoric, appearing to accept Trump’s backing of the interim Rodriguez government.

She also called the democratic transition a “very complex, delicate process” and said the current government would handle the “dirty work” of having to “dismantle” itself.

“Delcy Rodriguez, yes, she’s a communist. She’s the main ally and representation of the Russian regime, the Chinese, and Iranians,” she said, citing some of Venezuela’s allies under Maduro.

“But that’s not the Venezuelan people, and that’s not the armed forces as well. So I am profoundly, profoundly confident that we will have an orderly transition. This is a complex phase we are [in] right now. Some of the dirty work is being done by them.”

Addressing migration and human rights

Machado, known for her unwavering opposition to the Maduro government, said that the Venezuela that will emerge in the aftermath of his removal will be a country built on “merit”, echoing one of Trump’s frequent talking points.

She also described a more affordable Venezuela where residents do not have to live on “handouts”.

“The result of this process will be a society based on these values, a society that is profoundly pro-American,” Machado told reporters at the Heritage Foundation.

She also addressed recent steps the Rodriguez government had taken to address concerns over Venezuela’s human rights and appease Trump.

One reporter on Friday asked Machado about Venezuela’s decision to resume accepting deportation flights from the US, where Trump has made the mass deportation of immigrants a central pillar of his second term.

A plane carrying approximately 199 Venezuelan deportees had arrived at La Guaira airport earlier in the day, marking the first such flight since Maduro’s removal. At moments of tension, Maduro was known to reject such deportation flights.

“We all know how this regime weaponised migration against several countries, not only the United States,” Machado told the reporter.

The United Nations estimates that nearly 7.9 million refugees have fled Venezuela in recent years, for reasons including oppression and economic instability.

Machado argued that restoring Venezuelan democracy would help pave the way for many Venezuelan migrants to return home, thereby helping to address Trump’s concerns about immigration.

“I think it is clearly in the best interest of the United States, and those that are concerned about migration, to have a transition take place as soon as possible. Because you will see millions coming back home,” Machado said.

“It’s not a matter of having all economic problems solved. People are willing to go back to be part of the solution,” she added.

The opposition leader was also dismissive of the Rodriguez government’s announcement that it had released nearly 400 political prisoners, though human rights groups speculate the number is much smaller.

“The fact that you are not in a prison doesn’t mean that you are free. In Venezuela, they have left the jails, but they cannot speak to the press. They cannot leave the country, and they are still terrified,” Machado said.

“All torture centres have to be closed. And certainly there have to be guarantees for journalists to speak out and those who have left the country to come back.”

She added that, if the Rodriguez government respected Venezuela’s constitution, there would no longer be political prisoners at all, and Gonzalez Urrutia would be president.

“We wouldn’t have a president-elect exiled in Madrid. He would have taken power on January 9, 2024 — sorry, 2025,” she said. “We realise that there’s no rule of law in Venezuela.”

‘Venezuela is going to be free’

Machado has faced criticism in the past for her embrace of far-right figures like Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and it remains unclear what role, if any, she will have in Venezuela’s future governance.

On January 3, the day of the US military operation, Trump appeared dismissive of her prospects, telling reporters, “I think it would be very tough for her to be the leader. She doesn’t have the support within or the respect within the country.”

But Machado remains popular among the Venezuelan opposition, both in the country and abroad, and her visit to Washington, DC, saw her thronged by supporters, who sought hugs and selfies.

On Thursday’s visit, she sought to ingratiate herself to Trump by offering him the Nobel Peace Prize she accepted in December, after fleeing Venezuela in secret for fear of arrest.

She emphasised on Friday her view that a better Venezuela could only be built with Trump’s backing.

US says Canada will regret decision to allow Chinese EVs into their market

Officials of the administration of United States President Donald Trump have said that Canada will regret its decision to allow China to import up to 49,000 Chinese EVs, and that those cars would not be allowed to enter the US.

“I think they’ll look back at this decision and surely regret it to bring Chinese cars into their market,” US Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said on Friday at an event with other government officials at a Ford factory in Ohio to tout efforts to make vehicles more affordable.

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Canada in 2024 imposed 100 percent tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) following similar US duties. But on Friday, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney announced a trade deal in Beijing that would allow in up to 49,000 Chinese EVs at a tariff of 6.1 percent on most-favoured-nation terms. That move has prompted alarm in the US that it could help China get a broader foothold in North America even as Washington takes an increasingly hardline on Canadian vehicles and parts.

US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said the limited number of vehicles would not impact US car companies exporting cars to Canada.

“I don’t expect that to disrupt American supply into Canada,” he said. “Those cars are going to Canada – they’re not coming here.”

The Canadian Embassy in Washington did not immediately comment.

Greer, in a separate CNBC interview, called Canada’s decision “problematic” and added, “There’s a reason why we don’t sell a lot of Chinese cars in the United States. It’s because we have tariffs to protect American auto workers and Americans from those vehicles.”

As per the trade agreements announced in Beijing on Friday, Carney said he expects China to lower tariffs on its canola seed by March 1 to a combined rate of about 15 percent, down from 85 percent.

Greer questioned that agreement. “I think in the long run, they’re not going to like having made that deal,” he said.

Cybersecurity of vehicles

Greer said rules adopted in January 2025 on vehicles that are connected to the internet and navigation systems are a significant impediment to Chinese vehicles in the US market.

“I think it would be hard for them to operate here,” Greer said. “There are rules and regulations in place in America about the cybersecurity of our vehicles and the systems that go into those, so I think it might be hard for the Chinese to comply with those kind of rules.”

In contrast, President Donald Trump has said he would like Chinese automakers to come to the US to build vehicles.

However, lawmakers from both major US parties have expressed strong opposition to Chinese vehicles as major US car makers warn China poses a threat to the US car sector.

Ohio Senator Bernie Moreno, a Republican, said at the event he was opposed to Chinese vehicles coming into the US — and drew applause from the other government officials.

Who owns the Arctic?

Global warming is thawing the Arctic and igniting a high-stakes race for the riches beneath its ice.

Global warming is heating up the Arctic, and global powers like the United States, Russia and China are manoeuvring to stake a claim to the resources under its melting ice. Some experts say the region, once known as an exception – an island of international cooperation in the midst of geopolitical struggles – is becoming the site of a second cold war.

Presenter: Stefanie Dekker

Guests:
Pavel Devyatkin – nonresident fellow at the Quincy Institute

Miyuki Qiajunnguaq Daorana – Indigenous rights and climate activist