Hayes on her feminist dad, anxiety and feeling like a grandparent to players

The Football Interview is a new series in which the biggest names in sport and entertainment join host Kelly Somers for bold and in-depth conversations about the nation’s favourite sport.

We’ll explore mindset and motivation, and talk about defining moments, career highs and personal reflections. The Football Interview brings you the person behind the player.

Emma Hayes’ managerial career is back where it started – in the United States.

And she did not take long to win some silverware – leading the national team to a gold medal at the Paris Olympics just three months after taking charge.

Londoner Hayes, 49, previously helped Chelsea become the dominant force in the Women’s Super League – ending her 12-year tenure by guiding the club to a fifth consecutive league title and her seventh overall.

Her next big goal is to steer the US – ranked second in the world behind Spain – to World Cup success in Brazil in 2027.

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Kelly Somers: You’ve had an incredible career, but what does football mean to you?

Emma Hayes: It means different things at different stages. The older I get, the more I think about the importance of joy within it, especially when it’s your job. You have to always deal with the realities of trying to get a result every week. Enjoy it. That’s the reason you loved it, it’s the reason you grew up playing, it’s the reason you coach. Joy is what it means to me.

I really enjoy it. I’ve got such vivid memories of the Olympic gold-medal final last summer. I remember looking around the Parc des Princes and thinking, ‘does it really get any better than this?’ I’ve worked so hard to be in these positions, the last thing I’m going to do is get uptight about it. Just smile and be grateful for it.

Kelly: What’s your earliest memory of football?

Emma: My favourite memories of playing football in the flats. Not just the friendships that were formed but just the types of games. I think there were no bibs, there were no goals and I actually don’t think there was that much arguing to be honest. There might have been like 20-a-side. I used to think, ‘how did we work out who was on each other’s team?’

Kelly: Can you remember the first team you played for?

Emma: It was Mary Ward in Camden. I remember Dad taking a few of the girls from school. We’d had a little school team and he had found this little place in Camden that were growing a reputation for girls’ teams and he took a handful of us down there and we merged with this team, Mary Ward. Then we started playing in the best competition ever, which was the Met Police five-a-sides. I wish they still did them because if you made the final it was played at Wembley Arena.

I remember playing at Wembley Arena around the same times (as) John Terry. I know when he was playing with Senrab, they had teams that were making the final. It was amazing.

Kelly: How did they shape you and your journey in football, do you think?

Emma: I think I’ve always been about the community. I think that’s shaped me massively. I know my dad being a coach in the community probably helped with that, but I think always giving back, whatever that looked like, was always maybe central to even my childhood. The most important things are friendships.

Kelly: When did you stop playing?

Emma: I was playing until I’d say around 17 or 18 years old. I had an ankle injury which was a bone-on-bone injury so I lost my cartilage. Now you can do a little more but 35 years ago you couldn’t do anything. Just gutted that I couldn’t do it. Never ever dreamed that I would be doing what I’m doing today. Never.

Kelly: Did you really think you were going to have a career in football and was there ever anything else or was it always, ‘I’m going to be a coach’?

Emma HayesGetty Images

Kelly: How did you find your way into this incredible career then?

Emma: I think a couple of things. My PE teacher always insisted I did leadership courses. Even when I was 16, I wanted to go into a career in diplomacy or something like that but I think probably the university years I did the role of coach – even though I didn’t choose it – and then when I left it and I came back to work in Camden for Camden sports development I started really coaching in the community and a few of us had developed or built the Regents Park League.

Then I moved to America. More than anything else, I just wanted to move to America. I didn’t necessarily want to be a coach but I knew that got me a visa to get into the country and live in New York City.

Kelly: Who would you say has had the biggest impact on your career?

Emma: It has to be my parents. Dad saw something for me that I couldn’t see. He was the biggest feminist I’ve ever met – as a working-class man. He had three daughters, so one of us had to be into football in a big way. But him, because he pushed me and sometimes I hated it. I was telling Harry the other day when he was playing football… I was stood on the touchline in silence. He said: ‘Mummy, why don’t you say something to me?’ I said: ‘Because I hated it when my dad did it to me, so I don’t want to do it to you.’ And he was really vocal that he actually wanted me to say a little bit more, and I was like: ‘OK.’

Kelly: So let me get this right… one of the best coaches in the world, goes to her son’s football and you keep quiet…

Emma: I stand on my own and I stay silent.

Kelly: Do you say much to him afterwards?

Emma: Just around joy. Like, they played a game the other day… they lost 10-2. Inside, I was dying. And I got in the car and I was like: ‘What did you enjoy about it today?’ And he said: ‘Oh, I love playing out wide.’ I want him to keep that love for as long as possible.

Kelly: You mentioned both parents having such a big impact… your mum as well…

Emma: Mum just encouraged me to do whatever I wanted. She just supported us to go and do it. If I’d say to her, ‘Mum, I want to go and work for the UN.’ … ‘Oh, you go and do that, love, if you want to.’ It was almost like I was given permission to explore and experiment. Being a mum now, I really appreciate her in a million ways. She was such a big part of my life then, but I think she’s an even bigger part of my life now since my dad has passed. At this stage of life, I really feel like I really need my mum in a different way. That’s why, for me, they’re my biggest heroes. She helps me so much, especially with the menopause. Like if I’m having anxiety or things that I know I’m struggling with, she’ll say: ‘Just get the paper bag out, take a breath and calm your mind.’

Kelly: It feels different when your mum says it, doesn’t it?

Emma: I never suffered with anxiety until I had the menopause. What I’ve learned is that when you lose oestrogen in your body, especially when you have sudden menopause, like I had – I didn’t have a gradual menopause, I had a sudden one. I had emergency surgery and when you lose both your ovaries… oestrogen is not just a lubricant in your body for your joints, but also for your brain – what starts to happen is your brain starts going, ‘hello, oestrogen, where are you?’ And it can’t find it. Then you have a decrease in dopamine and serotonin. So your body struggles and has a lot of inability to be able to do it naturally, so your anxiety levels go up. That for me was exacerbated when I had Harry, but it intensified once I had the sudden menopause.

Kelly: You’re a football coach. Why is it so important to you to talk about things like that?

Emma: I think as a woman, we have to live our life in football through an entirely male lens and we’re different. We think differently, we have different needs, we experience the game differently.

Emma HayesGetty Images

Kelly: What was it like in your household growing up?

Emma: It’s the same as it is now. My sisters and I live really close to each other – or have always lived really close to each other. And our time together is probably the same way it was when we were kids. My younger sister Rebecca’s my manager. She manages me, and my older sister is Harry’s travel companion and nanny. That’s how close we are. That sounds like a fun job. I would be absolutely nowhere without that support. I would have had to quit this job years ago.

Kelly: I think there is a photo with your mum and Tom Cruise…

Emma: She wasn’t shy about it. She was in the box next door in the gold-medal match and he came in and met all my family. And that was the highlight for them, had a photo with them all.

Kelly: Not you winning?!

Emma: They weren’t interested in that! Listen, they’re English, so they want me to do well but I think their worst nightmare would be USA playing the Lionesses in the World Cup final. I think my mum will have to wear a split shirt.

Kelly: How did your mum feel about you taking the job?

Emma: She was gutted. She was absolutely gutted. First of all, she’s mad about Chelsea. She still goes to every game. It was like a break-up for them. They were all devastated at the beginning. Then, of course, they’re happy for me.

Kelly: How do you escape from it all?

Emma: I feel like I can in this job. I often describe it as like being a grandparent. You see the players every 6-8 weeks. They come in, they visit you, then give them their treats, take them to Disneyland, they love you, and then, ‘see you soon… go back to your parents’.

Emma HayesGetty Images

Kelly: Tell me one thing about Emma Hayes that might surprise me…

Emma: That I’m really introverted.

Kelly: Is that a lie?!

Emma: Nope. You ask anyone who knows me. I am social because I have to for my job. But going out on a night out with a party of 10, 12, 15 people is my idea of hell. I like one-to-one time and quality interactions. I’m not very sociable.

Kelly: What are you most proud of?

Emma: Harry and being a mum. It is the thing I wanted to be more than anything else. It creates a huge amount of fear and anxiety too, being a parent. Like, it’s not even the responsibility part. It’s the love that I have for him sometimes paralyses me. Because if I’ve got to go away on a trip and I’m leaving him, all the anxiety I go through just to get on that plane, just to get there, it can be overwhelming.

Ellen White, Jen Beattie and Ben Haines

Related topics

  • Football
  • Women’s Football

More on this story

Hayes on feminist dad, anxiety & feeling like players’ grandparent

The Football Interview is a new series in which the biggest names in sport and entertainment join host Kelly Somers for bold and in-depth conversations about the nation’s favourite sport.

We’ll explore mindset and motivation, and talk about defining moments, career highs and personal reflections. The Football Interview brings you the person behind the player.

Emma Hayes’ managerial career is back where it started – in the United States.

And she did not take long to win some silverware – leading the national team to a gold medal at the Paris Olympics just three months after taking charge.

Londoner Hayes, 49, previously helped Chelsea become the dominant force in the Women’s Super League – ending her 12-year tenure by guiding the club to a fifth consecutive league title and her seventh overall.

Her next big goal is to steer the US – ranked second in the world behind Spain – to World Cup success in Brazil in 2027.

To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser.

Kelly Somers: You’ve had an incredible career, but what does football mean to you?

Emma Hayes: It means different things at different stages. The older I get, the more I think about the importance of joy within it, especially when it’s your job. You have to always deal with the realities of trying to get a result every week. Enjoy it. That’s the reason you loved it, it’s the reason you grew up playing, it’s the reason you coach. Joy is what it means to me.

I really enjoy it. I’ve got such vivid memories of the Olympic gold-medal final last summer. I remember looking around the Parc des Princes and thinking, ‘does it really get any better than this?’ I’ve worked so hard to be in these positions, the last thing I’m going to do is get uptight about it. Just smile and be grateful for it.

Kelly: What’s your earliest memory of football?

Emma: My favourite memories of playing football in the flats. Not just the friendships that were formed but just the types of games. I think there were no bibs, there were no goals and I actually don’t think there was that much arguing to be honest. There might have been like 20-a-side. I used to think, ‘how did we work out who was on each other’s team?’

Kelly: Can you remember the first team you played for?

Emma: It was Mary Ward in Camden. I remember Dad taking a few of the girls from school. We’d had a little school team and he had found this little place in Camden that were growing a reputation for girls’ teams and he took a handful of us down there and we merged with this team, Mary Ward. Then we started playing in the best competition ever, which was the Met Police five-a-sides. I wish they still did them because if you made the final it was played at Wembley Arena.

I remember playing at Wembley Arena around the same times (as) John Terry. I know when he was playing with Senrab, they had teams that were making the final. It was amazing.

Kelly: How did they shape you and your journey in football, do you think?

Emma: I think I’ve always been about the community. I think that’s shaped me massively. I know my dad being a coach in the community probably helped with that, but I think always giving back, whatever that looked like, was always maybe central to even my childhood. The most important things are friendships.

Kelly: When did you stop playing?

Emma: I was playing until I’d say around 17 or 18 years old. I had an ankle injury which was a bone-on-bone injury so I lost my cartilage. Now you can do a little more but 35 years ago you couldn’t do anything. Just gutted that I couldn’t do it. Never ever dreamed that I would be doing what I’m doing today. Never.

Kelly: Did you really think you were going to have a career in football and was there ever anything else or was it always, ‘I’m going to be a coach’?

Emma HayesGetty Images

Kelly: How did you find your way into this incredible career then?

Emma: I think a couple of things. My PE teacher always insisted I did leadership courses. Even when I was 16, I wanted to go into a career in diplomacy or something like that but I think probably the university years I did the role of coach – even though I didn’t choose it – and then when I left it and I came back to work in Camden for Camden sports development I started really coaching in the community and a few of us had developed or built the Regents Park League.

Then I moved to America. More than anything else, I just wanted to move to America. I didn’t necessarily want to be a coach but I knew that got me a visa to get into the country and live in New York City.

Kelly: Who would you say has had the biggest impact on your career?

Emma: It has to be my parents. Dad saw something for me that I couldn’t see. He was the biggest feminist I’ve ever met – as a working-class man. He had three daughters, so one of us had to be into football in a big way. But him, because he pushed me and sometimes I hated it. I was telling Harry the other day when he was playing football… I was stood on the touchline in silence. He said: ‘Mummy, why don’t you say something to me?’ I said: ‘Because I hated it when my dad did it to me, so I don’t want to do it to you.’ And he was really vocal that he actually wanted me to say a little bit more, and I was like: ‘OK.’

Kelly: So let me get this right… one of the best coaches in the world, goes to her son’s football and you keep quiet…

Emma: I stand on my own and I stay silent.

Kelly: Do you say much to him afterwards?

Emma: Just around joy. Like, they played a game the other day… they lost 10-2. Inside, I was dying. And I got in the car and I was like: ‘What did you enjoy about it today?’ And he said: ‘Oh, I love playing out wide.’ I want him to keep that love for as long as possible.

Kelly: You mentioned both parents having such a big impact… your mum as well…

Emma: Mum just encouraged me to do whatever I wanted. She just supported us to go and do it. If I’d say to her, ‘Mum, I want to go and work for the UN.’ … ‘Oh, you go and do that, love, if you want to.’ It was almost like I was given permission to explore and experiment. Being a mum now, I really appreciate her in a million ways. She was such a big part of my life then, but I think she’s an even bigger part of my life now since my dad has passed. At this stage of life, I really feel like I really need my mum in a different way. That’s why, for me, they’re my biggest heroes. She helps me so much, especially with the menopause. Like if I’m having anxiety or things that I know I’m struggling with, she’ll say: ‘Just get the paper bag out, take a breath and calm your mind.’

Kelly: It feels different when your mum says it, doesn’t it?

Emma: I never suffered with anxiety until I had the menopause. What I’ve learned is that when you lose oestrogen in your body, especially when you have sudden menopause, like I had – I didn’t have a gradual menopause, I had a sudden one. I had emergency surgery and when you lose both your ovaries… oestrogen is not just a lubricant in your body for your joints, but also for your brain – what starts to happen is your brain starts going, ‘hello, oestrogen, where are you?’ And it can’t find it. Then you have a decrease in dopamine and serotonin. So your body struggles and has a lot of inability to be able to do it naturally, so your anxiety levels go up. That for me was exacerbated when I had Harry, but it intensified once I had the sudden menopause.

Kelly: You’re a football coach. Why is it so important to you to talk about things like that?

Emma: I think as a woman, we have to live our life in football through an entirely male lens and we’re different. We think differently, we have different needs, we experience the game differently.

Emma HayesGetty Images

Kelly: What was it like in your household growing up?

Emma: It’s the same as it is now. My sisters and I live really close to each other – or have always lived really close to each other. And our time together is probably the same way it was when we were kids. My younger sister Rebecca’s my manager. She manages me, and my older sister is Harry’s travel companion and nanny. That’s how close we are. That sounds like a fun job. I would be absolutely nowhere without that support. I would have had to quit this job years ago.

Kelly: I think there is a photo with your mum and Tom Cruise…

Emma: She wasn’t shy about it. She was in the box next door in the gold-medal match and he came in and met all my family. And that was the highlight for them, had a photo with them all.

Kelly: Not you winning?!

Emma: They weren’t interested in that! Listen, they’re English, so they want me to do well but I think their worst nightmare would be USA playing the Lionesses in the World Cup final. I think my mum will have to wear a split shirt.

Kelly: How did your mum feel about you taking the job?

Emma: She was gutted. She was absolutely gutted. First of all, she’s mad about Chelsea. She still goes to every game. It was like a break-up for them. They were all devastated at the beginning. Then, of course, they’re happy for me.

Kelly: How do you escape from it all?

Emma: I feel like I can in this job. I often describe it as like being a grandparent. You see the players every 6-8 weeks. They come in, they visit you, then give them their treats, take them to Disneyland, they love you, and then, ‘see you soon… go back to your parents’.

Emma HayesGetty Images

Kelly: Tell me one thing about Emma Hayes that might surprise me…

Emma: That I’m really introverted.

Kelly: Is that a lie?!

Emma: Nope. You ask anyone who knows me. I am social because I have to for my job. But going out on a night out with a party of 10, 12, 15 people is my idea of hell. I like one-to-one time and quality interactions. I’m not very sociable.

Kelly: What are you most proud of?

Emma: Harry and being a mum. It is the thing I wanted to be more than anything else. It creates a huge amount of fear and anxiety too, being a parent. Like, it’s not even the responsibility part. It’s the love that I have for him sometimes paralyses me. Because if I’ve got to go away on a trip and I’m leaving him, all the anxiety I go through just to get on that plane, just to get there, it can be overwhelming.

Ellen White, Jen Beattie and Ben Haines

Related topics

  • Football
  • Women’s Football

More on this story

N Korea threatens ‘offensive action’ as US aircraft carrier visits S Korea

North Korea’s defence minister, No Kwang Chol, has condemned the arrival of a United States aircraft carrier at a port in South Korea and warned that Pyongyang will take “more offensive action” against its enemies.

The minister’s warning comes a day after North Korea launched what appeared to be a short-range ballistic missile into the sea off its east coast.

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“We will show more offensive action against the enemies’ threat on the principle of ensuring security and defending peace by dint of powerful strength,” the defence minister said, according to a report on Saturday by the North’s state-run Korean Central News Agency (KCNA).

“All threats encroaching upon the sphere of the North’s security” will become “direct targets” and be “managed in a necessary way”, South Korea’s Yonhap news agency also reported the defence minister as saying.

The missile launch on Friday followed after Washington announced new sanctions targeting eight North Korean nationals and two entities accused of laundering money tied to cybercrimes, and a visit to South Korea by US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.

Commenting on the visit by US and South Korean defence chiefs to the border between North and South Korea, as well as their subsequent security talks in Seoul, the North Korean defence minister accused the allies of conspiring to integrate their nuclear and conventional weapons forces.

“We have correctly understood the hostility of the US to stand in confrontation with the DPRK to the last and will never avoid the response to it,” No said, using the initials of the North’s official name, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

A TV screen shows a North Korean missile launch at the Seoul Railway Station in Seoul, South Korea, on Friday [Lee Jin-man/AP Photo]

According to KCNA, the defence minister made his comments on Friday in response to the annual South Korea-US Security Consultative Meeting (SCM) and the recent arrival of the USS George Washington aircraft carrier and the Fifth Carrier Strike Group at a port in Busan.

The arrival of the US strike group also coincides with large-scale joint military drills, known as Freedom Flag, between US and South Korean forces.

While in South Korea for the SCM talks this week, Hegseth posted several photos on social media of his visit to the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between the North and the South.

Hegseth said that the core of Washington’s alliance with Seoul would remain focused on deterring North Korea, although the Trump administration will also look at flexibility for US troops stationed in South Korea to operate against regional threats.

Pyongyang described the DMZ visit by Hegseth and his South Korean counterparts as “a stark revelation and an unveiled intentional expression of their hostile nature to stand against the DPRK”.

Pyongyang’s latest missile launch, which Japan said landed outside its exclusive economic zone, came just over a week after US President Donald Trump was in the region and expressed interest in a meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.

On Friday, the US said it was “consulting closely” with allies and partners over the ballistic missile launch.

Trump says US to boycott South Africa G20 summit over white ‘genocide’

President Donald Trump has said no United States officials will attend this year’s Group of 20 (G20) summit in South Africa, citing the country’s treatment of white farmers.

Writing on his Truth Social platform on Friday, Trump said it was a “total disgrace that the G20 will be held in South Africa”.

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“Afrikaners (People who are descended from Dutch settlers, and also French and German immigrants) are being killed and slaughtered, and their land and farms are being illegally confiscated,” Trump wrote, reiterating claims that have been rejected by authorities in South Africa.

“No US Government Official will attend as long as these Human Rights abuses continue. I look forward to hosting the 2026 G20 in Miami, Florida!” he added.

Since returning to the White House in January, Trump has repeatedly claimed that white South Africans are being persecuted in the Black-majority country, a claim rejected by South Africa’s government and top Afrikaner officials.

Trump had already said on Wednesday that he would not attend the summit – which will see the heads of states from the world’s leading and emerging economies gather in Johannesburg on November 22 and 23 – as he also called for South Africa to be thrown out of the G20.

US Vice President JD Vance had been expected to attend the meeting in place of the president. But a person familiar with Vance’s plans told The Associated Press news agency that he will no longer travel to South Africa.

Tensions first arose between the US and South Africa after President Cyril Ramaphosa introduced a new law in January seeking to address land ownership disparities, which have left three-quarters of privately owned land in the hands of the white minority more than three decades after the end of apartheid.

The new legislation makes it easier for the state to expropriate land, which Ramaphosa insists does not amount to confiscation, but creates a framework for fair redistribution by allowing authorities to take land without compensation in exceptional circumstances, such as when a site has been abandoned.

Shortly after the introduction of the Expropriation Act, Trump accused South Africa of “confiscating land, and treating certain classes of people VERY BADLY”.

“The United States won’t stand for it, we will act,” he said.

In May, Trump granted asylum to 59 white South Africans as part of a resettlement programme that Washington described as giving sanctuary after racial discrimination.

The same month, when Trump met with President Ramaphosa in the White House, he ambushed him with the claim that a “genocide” is taking place against white Afrikaners in his country.

Ramaphosa denied the allegations, telling Trump “if there was Afrikaner farmer genocide, I can bet you, these three gentlemen would not be here”, pointing to three white South African men present – professional golfers Ernie Els and Retief Goosen, and South Africa’s richest man, Johann Rupert.

South African historian Saul Dubow, professor of Commonwealth history at the University of Cambridge, previously told Al Jazeera that there is no merit to “Trump’s fantasy claims of white genocide”.

Dubow suggested that Trump may be more angry about South Africa’s genocide case filed against Israel in the International Court of Justice over its war on Gaza.

Nonetheless, the Trump administration has maintained its claim of widespread persecution. On October 30, the White House indicated that most new refugees admitted to the US will be white South Africans, as it slashed the number of people it will admit annually to just 7,500.

India is world’s second-largest shrimp producer. That is now under threat

Kolkata, India: Buddhadeb Pradhan, a shrimp farmer in Nandigram in the West Bengal state in eastern India, has taken a major risk by cultivating a second shrimp crop within weeks of harvesting the first cycle.

But he needs the money and is willing to risk a diseased crop, a common occurrence when there are two harvesting cycles in a pond in the same year.

He was partly pushed into making that decision because of the falling price of the shrimp on account of the tariffs imposed on India by United States President Donald Trump.

“The falling prices of the shrimp have me stressing if I can recover my investment of 300,000 rupees [$3,380],” he told Al Jazeera.

India is the world’s second-largest producer of shrimp – predominantly for export – after Ecuador. In the financial year ending in March 2025, it sent $5bn of frozen shrimp globally, with the US accounting for about 48 percent of its sales.

It produces two commercial varieties of marine and freshwater shrimp, black tiger and Pacific whiteleg, popularly known as vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei).

India’s shrimp production stood at 1.1 million tonnes, predominantly vannamei, but also 5 percent black tiger, in the financial year ending March 2024, as per the latest data available.

India has two distinctive shrimp cycles of vannamei, starting from February to June and then from July to October. Farmers are generally reluctant to go for a second cycle, fearing diseases. The black tiger is a single crop from March to August.

The shrimp is cultivated in the coastal states of West Bengal, Gujarat, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala. The industry employs approximately 10 million people, including the shrimp farmers and people at hatcheries, processing units, and others, said Manoj Sharma, a veteran shrimp farmer.

Since the tariffs were announced in May, farm prices of shrimp dropped from 300 rupees ($3.38) per kilogramme to 230 rupees ($2.59) as farmers tried to offload whatever they had. With production costs at 275 rupees ($3.10) per kilogramme, losses are mounting.

Buddhadeb Pradhan has taken a major risk by cultivating a second shrimp crop [Gurvinder Singh/Al Jazeera]

Nardu Das, 40, a shrimp farmer in Nandigram, told Al Jazeera that farmers might be forced to consume “poison” if the market doesn’t stabilise and prices do not increase.

The 40-year-old said shrimp farming is a costly affair with bills for power, lease on land, feed and other expenses.

“The farmers not only risk their savings but also take loans with the hope of massive returns. But diseases and the fall in prices often push them to the brink of poverty,” he said.

Farmers are worried that with tariffs at 58.26 percent – including countervailing duties of 5.77 percent and anti-dumping duties of 2.49 percent – they will lose their US market.

“The US is a preferred destination for shrimp exporters because of easy market access, higher growth prospects, better profit margins, and repeat customer approvals. The hike in tariffs will discourage farmers from continuing to invest in shrimp culture that also incurs upfront costs of land lease, seed and feed,” said Rahul Guha, senior director of Crisil Ratings.

India brings its brood stock – the term for the mother shrimp – in chartered flights from the US to breed to produce seeds for farming. But there have been cases where it is either of poor quality or unfit for the Indian environment, in turn leading to disease among the shrimp produce, which then has to be thrown away.

“We have been demanding the government to breed the shrimps using the local brood stock in order to get the high-quality seeds that adjust to our conditions,” said IPR Mohan Raju, president of the Prawn Farmers Federation of India.

Another spillover of the tariffs has been on hatcheries. India has about 550 private hatcheries that depend on these shrimp farmers for their livelihood.

Several farmers, fearing a further dip in prices of shrimp, have stopped buying seeds, and at least half the hatcheries have already shut down, said Ravid Kumar Yellanki, president of All India Shrimp Hatcheries Association.

“Undoubtedly, the US tariffs have begun to have a major impact on the hatcheries, with many halting production,” Yellanki said.

These hatcheries produce approximately 80 billion seeds annually and have drained seven to eight billion seeds in the past four months due to no demand from the farmers, as the shelf life of seeds is just three to four days.

“It would be a major loss to the hatchery owners if the situation doesn’t turn normal soon,” Yellanki added.

Shrimp farmers India
Nardu Das said farmers might be forced to consume ‘poison’ if the market doesn’t stabilise and if prices do not rise soon [Gurvinder Singh/Al Jazeera]

Ecuador, another headache

India is already facing stiff competition from Ecuador, which has been expanding its share of the US market due to its geographical proximity to the US.

Ecuador produces high-quality vannamei shrimp at a lower price, as that is its domestic species. Plus, tariffs on it are at 15 percent, much lower than India’s, making it a more attractive market for the US to source from.

During the first nine months of 2025, Ecuador exported 1,038,208 metric tonnes of shrimp to the US, up 14 percent year-on-year, with a total value of $5.51bn, representing a 23 percent increase compared with the same period last year.

Sharma, the aquaculture expert, says the US tariffs will force Indian exporters to compete among themselves to sell to alternate markets.

US judge rules Trump illegally ordered National Guard troops to Portland

United States President Donald Trump unlawfully ordered National Guard troops to Portland, Oregon, a federal judge has ruled, marking a legal setback for the president’s use of the military for policing duties in US cities.

The ruling on Friday by US District Judge Karin Immergut is the first to permanently block Trump’s use of military forces to quell protests against immigration authorities.

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Immergut, a Trump appointee, rejected the administration’s claim that protesters at an immigration detention facility were waging a rebellion that legally justified sending troops to Portland.

Democrats have said Trump is abusing military powers meant for genuine emergencies such as an invasion or an armed rebellion.

Oregon Attorney General Dan Rayfield described the ruling as a “huge victory” and the “decision confirms that the President cannot send the Guard into Oregon without a legal basis for doing so”.

“The courts are holding this administration accountable to the truth and the rule of law,” Rayfield said in a post on social media.

Portland’s Mayor Keith Wilson also applauded the decision, saying it “vindicates Portland’s position while reaffirming the rule of law that protects our community”.

“As I have said from the beginning, the number of federal troops needed in our city is zero,” Wilson said, according to local media reports.

The City of Portland and the Oregon Attorney General’s Office sued in September, alleging that the Trump administration was exaggerating occasional violence to justify sending in troops under a law permitting presidents to do so in cases of rebellion.

Echoing Trump’s description of Portland as “war-ravaged”, lawyers from the Department of Justice had described a violent siege overwhelming federal agents in the city.

But lawyers for Oregon and Portland said violence has been rare, isolated and contained by local police.

“This case is about whether we are a nation of constitutional law or martial law,” Portland’s lawyer Caroline Turco had said.

The Trump administration is likely to appeal Friday’s ruling, and the case could ultimately reach the US Supreme Court.

A review by the Reuters news agency of court records found that at least 32 people were charged with federal crimes stemming from the Portland protests since they began in June. Of the 32 charged, 11 pleaded guilty to misdemeanours, and those who have been sentenced received probation.

About half the defendants were charged with assaulting federal officers, including 14 felonies and seven misdemeanours.

Prosecutors dismissed two cases.

Charging documents describe protesters kicking and shoving officers, usually while resisting arrest.