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Violence Erupts Across Mexico As Army Kills Drug Lord ‘El Mencho’

The Mexican army announced Sunday that it had killed powerful drug lord Nemesio “El Mencho” Oseguera in an operation that sparked a wave of violence in various parts of the country.

Oseguera, the 59-year-old leader of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, was wounded in a clash with soldiers in the town of Tapalpa, in Jalisco state, and died while being flown to Mexico City, the army said in a statement. He had a $15 million US bounty on his head.

Gunmen retaliating for the raid blocked more than 20 roads in western Jalisco state, burning cars and trucks. As violence spread across the country, at least eight states suspended in-person classes and the judiciary authorized judges to close courts where necessary.

Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum urged citizens to remain calm.

Oseguera, whose nickname was “El Mencho,” is one of the biggest Mexican drug lords to be taken down since the capture of the founders of the Sinaloa cartel, Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman and Ismael Zambada. Both are now serving time in the United States.

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Sunday’s statement said that in addition to Mexico’s own military intelligence, the raid was carried out with “complementary information” from US authorities.

A view of a burning truck, allegedly set on fire by organised crime groups in response to an operation to arrest a high-priority security target, on a highway near Acatlan de Juarez, Jalisco state, Mexico on February 22, 2026. (Photo by Ulises Ruiz / AFP)

White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said Washington “provided intelligence support.”

Six suspected cartel gunmen besides Oseguera were killed and three soldiers were wounded, the Mexican army said.

Two cartel suspects were arrested and a variety of weapons were seized, including rocket launchers capable of taking down airplanes and destroying armored vehicles, the statement said.

As gunmen blocked roads with retaliatory violence, Jalisco state, which is scheduled to host four World Cup games this summer, cancelled all events involving large crowds.

This aerial view shows a car passing by a burned bus and car, allegedly set on fire by organised crime groups in response to an operation to arrest a high-priority security target, on a highway near Acatlan de Juarez, Jalisco state, Mexico on February 22, 2026.  (Photo by Ulises RUIZ / AFP)

 ‘Great development for Mexico’

The streets of the state capital Guadalajara were almost empty as stores, pharmacies and gas stations shut down.

Maria Medina, who works in a gas station that was set on fire, said men with guns showed up and told everyone to get out.

“I thought they were going to kidnap us. I ran to a taco stand to take cover with the people there,” Medina told AFP.

The violence spread to the neighboring state of Michoacan, where Oseguera’s cartel also has a presence, and to the resort city of Puerto Vallarta.

His cartel was formed in 2009 and became one of Mexico’s most violent drug trafficking organizations, according to the US Justice Department.

Amid the violence, Guatemala said it was reinforcing “strategic” sections of its frontier with Mexico, which has seen cross-border incursions by criminal groups linked to cartels in recent months.

Mexican National Guard special forces patrol around the Specialized Prosecutor’s Office for Organized Crime (FEMDO) headquarters in Mexico City on February 22, 2026. (Photo by Alfredo ESTRELLA / AFP)

The United States has classified the Jalisco cartel as a terrorist organization and accuses it of sending cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and fentanyl into the United States.

US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau welcomed the operation and called Oseguera “one of the bloodiest and most ruthless drug kingpins.”

“This is a great development for Mexico, the US, Latin America, and the world,” he added.

The raid came amid pressure from US President Donald Trump for Mexico to stem the flow of drugs, particularly fentanyl, into the United States.

Trump has threatened repeatedly to slap tariffs on Mexican exports, arguing that Sheinbaum has not done enough to combat the drug trade.

In a statement on social media released after Sunday’s violence broke out, the US State Department urged US citizens in large parts of Mexico to “shelter in place until further notice.”

Canada also issued a travel warning for some areas, citing “shootouts with security forces and explosions” in Jalisco, Guerrero and Michoacan states.

US and Canadian airlines cancelled dozens of flights to Mexico over the violence, with Air Canada saying cancellations to Puerto Vallarta would stretch into at least Monday.

ICC to hold hearings on charges against ex-Philippine President Duterte

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is set to hold a hearing to determine whether former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte should stand trial for crimes against humanity over his deadly antidrug crackdown.

The four-day “confirmation of charges” hearing, which will start at 09:00 GMT on Monday, will determine whether there is enough evidence against Duterte to proceed to a formal trial.

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The 80-year-old former leader, however, will not be present at the hearing in The Hague after the court granted a defence request to waive his right to appear, despite judges ruling that he was fit to take part.

Following the hearing, the judges will have 60 days to issue a written decision.

The case marks a reversal of fortune for Duterte, who has repeatedly cursed the ICC, and offers families of victims and survivors of his bloody six-year war on drugs a chance at justice.

The United States-based watchdog Human Rights Watch said the hearing on Monday is “a critical step in ensuring justice for victims of the Philippines’ ‘war on drugs’”, while families of victims called it a “moment of truth”.

Hopes for justice

Llore Pasco, mother of two men who were killed by unknown attackers in 2017, told Al Jazeera that it was urgent that all those involved in the so-called war on drugs, including the former president, “are held accountable”.

“I feel a little bit nervous, but this is the moment of truth. We are all hoping that the ICC and the judges will hear the cry of the victims.”

Catholic priest Father Flavie Villanueva (R) joins hands with relatives of extrajudicial killings of former Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte's drug war during the inurnment rites at the "Dambana ng Paghilom" (Shrine of Healing) at a cemetery in Caloocan city, suburban Manila on February 20, 2026.A hearing begins at the International Criminal Court (ICC) on February 23 that will determine whether Duterte will stand trial over at least 76 of those deaths.
A Catholic priest joins hands with the relatives of the victims of extrajudicial killings under former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte’s so-called war on drugs during the inurnment rites at a cemetery in Metro Manila’s Caloocan district, on February 20, 2026 [Ted Aljibe/AFP]

Luzviminda Siapo, whose 19-year-old son was killed in 2017, said she was encouraged that there is progress in the case against Duterte, whom she described as the “brains” behind the killings.

“I hope other perpetrators will also be brought to justice,” she told Al Jazeera.

ICC prosecutors have charged Duterte with three counts of crimes against humanity, alleging his involvement in at least 76 murders between 2013 and 2018.

The true number of killings during his campaign in the Philippines is thought to be as high as 30,000, and lawyers for the victims have argued that a full trial could encourage many more families to come forward.

The first of the three counts against Duterte concerns his alleged involvement as a co-perpetrator in 19 murders carried out between 2013 and 2016 while he was mayor of Davao City.

The second relates to 14 murders of so-called “high value targets” in 2016 and 2017 when he was president.

The third charge covers 43 murders committed during “clearance” operations of lower-level alleged drug users or pushers across the Philippines between 2016 and 2018.

Duterte denies the charges, his lawyer Nicholas Kaufman told journalists in advance of the hearing.

Duterte remains defiant

Duterte, who was president from 2016 to 2022, was arrested in Manila in March last year, flown to the Netherlands and has since been held at the ICC’s detention unit at Scheveningen Prison.

He followed his initial hearing three days later via videolink, appearing dazed and frail and barely speaking.

In a letter sent to the court on Tuesday, Duterte remained defiant, saying he does “not recognise” the jurisdiction of the court and that he is “proud” of his legacy.

Duterte also accused the court of carrying out his “kidnapping” in cooperation with incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos Jr, a former ally and the 2022 running-mate of his daughter, Vice President Sara Duterte.

The Philippines left the ICC in 2019, on Duterte’s instructions, but the court has ruled that it still has jurisdiction over alleged crimes committed there between 2011 and 2019.

The defence has appealed the ruling, with a decision still pending.

Duterte, the first Asian former head of state to appear before the ICC, remains hugely popular in the Philippines, where many favoured his tough approach to crime.

Why Man Utd fans should be glad if Maguire extends stay

Simon Stone

Manchester United reporter
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When Manchester United’s squad arrived at Burnley for the first match of the post-Ruben Amorim era on 7 January, the major questions centred around the fitness of skipper Bruno Fernandes and whether interim boss Darren Fletcher would pick Kobbie Mainoo.

Harry Maguire’s presence in the travelling party at Turf Moor was something of a surprise.

The 32-year-old had been absent for nine matches with a thigh injury and there had been no real talk of a return.

In reality, Fletcher would only have called on United’s one-time skipper in extreme circumstances that night. At that point, Maguire had barely even trained.

But Maguire did feature for 11 minutes four days later as he tried – unsuccessfully -to help rescue an FA Cup third round defeat by Brighton.

Fletcher was doing Michael Carrick a huge favour.

Despite featuring just once in almost three months, it meant when Carrick took charge for the first time for Manchester City’s visit to Old Trafford on 17 January, Maguire was wired into the mental demands of starting, even if his new boss admitted afterwards, physically, it was a step into the unknown.

“It was a big ask for H [Maguire],” said Carrick.

‘Positive’ signs for new Maguire deal

The ‘taking for granted’ aspect of Carrick’s answer was telling.

The former United and England midfielder knows the sacrifices needed to excel at the very highest levels of the game. He also knows the demands that are placed on players’ bodies.

Mental strength is also key.

Beyond his ability, it is the kind of attitude that meant he put himself forward to be involved at Burnley, which makes Maguire so valuable to United.

It is why, as they approach a summer when Casemiro’s vast experience is going to be lost, it should be welcomed that multiple sources with an understanding of the situation believe a resolution will eventually be found to Maguire’s contractual situation that will allow him to remain at Manchester United at least for next season.

Nothing is agreed yet. Until it is, there remains the potential for Maguire to either agree a deal with another club – which, under freedom of contract regulations, he is entitled to do – or United back away.

But the mood music is upbeat.

Compromise is likely to be needed, on both salary – Maguire is one of United’s highest-paid players and Sir Jim Ratcliffe is determined to drive costs down – and maybe contract length.

But through Burnley, Brighton, City and beyond Maguire played for every single minute of the four-match winning streak Carrick started his spell in charge with.

The England defender has shown just how valuable he is at a time when Matthijs de Ligt remains sidelined for an indefinite period with a back injury, with no immediate sign of return.

Maguire does not only have experience and calmness. His communication is also crucial. He is demanding of those around him and is not scared to let team-mates know when they have fallen below the standards he expects.

His central defensive partnership with Lisandro Martinez has a familiarity about it too, which is a bit surprising given the pair have only started 16 times together in a two-man central defence since the Argentina international joined the Old Trafford outfit from Ajax in 2022.

The reasons for that are numerous. Amorim’s formation for a start. Before that, Erik ten Hag clearly did not feel Maguire was the kind of player he wanted, while Martinez has suffered some pretty hefty injuries.

There is also the knowledge their first two games together were the defeats by Brighton and Brentford that started Ten Hag’s reign.

Maguire ‘back in picture’ for England

England boss Thomas Tuchel has acknowledged Maguire’s recent form, even though the defender won the last of his 64 caps nearly 18 months ago, against the Republic of Ireland in September 2024.

“Back in the picture,” is how Tuchel described it at this month’s Nations League draw.

Not that many Manchester United fans will be too bothered about that.

For them, England’s fortunes come a firm second to their own hopes of an upturn in results.

Maguire probably thinks like that too.

A veteran of England’s last three major tournament campaigns, he knows excelling at a club like Manchester United can propel anyone into the international limelight.

There is also a feeling Maguire is happy in his surroundings too, that he is settled with his family in the north-west and has no aching desire to start again somewhere else just yet.

He hasn’t spoken about his future much recently. But on current evidence, there is no reason to suggest he has changed his stance from when he spoke to BBC Sport, among others, on a club visit to a football camp in Stretford just after the Premier League campaign had started.

“Obviously I have something in my mind about what I want to do and where I want to be,” he said.

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Scots the biggest challengers and heat on Ford – Six Nations talking points

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Tom Rostance

BBC Sport journalist
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England went from bad to disastrous, France didn’t fire on all cylinders but had enough to maintain their Grand Slam challenge, Scotland dug deep for a big win and Ireland were just tremendous.

‘Russell rocked up when it matters’

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The opportunity and ability for teams to rewrite their own narratives in the space of just a few weeks is part of what makes the Six Nations so compelling.

Lacklustre and outgunned in Rome in week one, Scotland are now France’s biggest challengers after following up the Calcutta Cup demolition of England with a nailbiting, nerve-wrenching win in Wales.

The hosts were 23-12 up with just over 20 minutes to go but Scotland roared back to win 26-23 after some brilliant quick thinking from fly-half Finn Russell.

He switched the momentum of the match with a kick that caught Wales out and allowed Darcy Graham to score in the corner. Yet again, the Bath number 10 was the difference-maker.

“Big-game players turn up when it matters and Russell had moments when he bailed Scotland out,” former Wales captain Sam Warburton told BBC Rugby Special.

“He was exceptional at managing the team when they were down in the game. He waits for the perfect moment to get involved.

“He plays what he sees, he has that licence and his clutch kicking was immense. The big-game player rocked up in the last 30 minutes, he was immaculate and a big part of the comeback.”

“Scotland found a way to win ugly,” added their former flanker John Barclay.

“They found solutions and ground their way in. In some ways that was the most important win they have had in a while. It has given them a strong position in the table.”

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Dupont ‘ a huge influence’ for France

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France remain in the driving seat for a 20th title – third in five years – and can seal it with a bonus-point win in Edinburgh.

They were made to graft by ever-improving Italy in Lille, but eventually streaked away to win 33-8, aided by another classy display from star scrum-half and captain Antoine Dupont.

A brilliant kick set up the opening score for Louis Bielle-Biarrey, before Dupont then showed his defensive strengths during a dominant second-half spell from the visitors.

“It’s perhaps unfair that we expect him to do outrageous things every week,” said Barclay.

“He is coming back from a knee injury and was maybe a bit quiet in the first two games, but he really stepped up.

“You have to admire his ability to scan the play under pressure, see space and deliver the skill for France to score that first try. His physical side of the game is impressive, he makes tackles and does so much good stuff.

“He had a huge influence on the game which is what we have come to expect.

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Should time be up for Ford?

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While Scotland’s campaign has been revitalised by back-to-back victories, England’s has been utterly derailed by two losses.

They were blown away by Ireland at Twickenham as the men in green ran in five tries to embarrass Steve Borthwick’s side 42-21.

England entered the tournament with a settled-looking side, but now look a muddle with Matt Dawson calling for Fin Smith to replace George Ford at number 10.

Warburton was confused by Ford’s kicking – or lack of – against Ireland.

He said: “England are normally patient in their kick battle but Ford missed some kicks that were a real momentum killer.

“England are a kicking team and when they do it well they look really good. He won so much territory against Wales and in the last two games it’s been the other end of the spectrum.

“Ford is an exceptional tactical kicker but he has not been kicking in the last two games and they have struggled as a result of it.”

“I am surprised by England,” added Barclay.

“We thought it was a shootout between them and France for a Grand Slam before the tournament. The most concerning thing is the nature of the defeats. Where are England now? We don’t really know.

“The last two performances have thrown up a lot of question marks about selection. What’s the best back three, who should play at centre, is George Ford the man at 10?

“Rewind a few weeks and you could name the team. It seems to have fallen apart a bit.”

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Ireland’s forgotten man becomes undroppable

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Ireland’s resurgence was personified by Robert Baloucoune.

The 28-year-old had not featured for Ireland since November 2022 because of injury, but he started and scored against Italy before scoring again in an all-action performance against England.

The wing thought his international career was over but instead played a huge part in a famous win, troubling England speedster Henry Arundell with his work-rate.

“He was unbelievable,” said Barclay. “His willingness to work off the ball is how you win games.

“He put in dominant tackles, won turnovers. The mindset and energy he bought to the game away from home set the tempo.”

“Ireland’s desire and work-rate off the ball won them the game,” added Warburton.

“Paul O’Connell’s quote when I was on Lions duty with him was, ‘Be the best at everything that requires no talent’ – and Ireland were that.

“Their attack looks like the one of old. They were super-organised and their aerial dominance was a launchpad. They were so efficient in the red zone and their speed of ball was too good, England couldn’t recover from it.”

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Wales hurt by individual errors again

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Wales’ dismal run continued with a painful defeat that was summed up by Tomos Williams giving away a costly penalty for a croc roll.

Wales have lost 24 of 26 internationals since October 2023 and the latest defeat was a 14th successive Six Nations loss in a record stretching back three years.

Barclay added: “Wales will be gutted. They had that game.

“In Test Match rugby the margins are tiny and in the last 15 minutes they gave away five penalties and a huge one was the croc roll.

“You might think that has to be grabbing someone around the head and neck and twisting them, but it’s also about lateral movement. It’s something they are trying to get out of the game.”

The penalty was costly and Scotland and Russell took full advantage, with their misery being compounded by the nature of George Turner’s match-winning try.

Scotland number eight Matt Fagerson was offside and obstructing Wales replacement prop Archie Griffin in the build-up to the score from a driving maul.

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How Modi ‘broke down walls’ between India, Israel – at Palestine’s expense

New Delhi, India – As Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi emerged from his plane at Ben Gurion airport outside Tel Aviv on July 4, 2017, his Israeli counterpart, Benjamin Netanyahu, waited for him at the other end of the red carpet laid out on the tarmac.

Minutes later, the leaders hugged. Speaking at the airport, Modi said his visit was a “path-breaking journey” – it was the first time an Indian prime minister had visited Israel. Netanyahu recalled their first meeting in New York in 2014, where, he said, “we agreed to break down the remaining walls between India and Israel”.

Nine years later, as Modi prepares to fly to Israel on February 25 for his second visit, he can largely claim to have accomplished that mission, analysts say. A relationship that was once frowned upon in India, and then carried out clandestinely, is now one of New Delhi’s most public friendships. Modi has frequently described Netanyahu as a “dear friend”, despite the International Criminal Court having issued an arrest warrant in late 2024 for the Israeli premier over alleged war crimes carried out during Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza.

Indian diplomats and officials have justified the country’s pivot towards Israel as a “pragmatic approach” – Israel, with its tech and military expertise, has too much to offer to be ignored, they argue – balanced by efforts from New Delhi to strengthen ties with its Arab allies.

Yet, it has come at a cost, analysts say: to Palestine, and India’s relationship with it, and, according to some experts, to India’s moral credibility.

“The so-called realist turn of India has cost its moral power, which it used to enjoy in the Global South,” said Anwar Alam, a senior fellow with the Policy Perspectives Foundation think tank in New Delhi.

Amid an ongoing war in the Palestinian territory, Modi’s visit “amounts to legitimising the apartheid Israeli state”, Alam told Al Jazeera.

An ideological alliance

India was a staunch advocate for Palestine in the post-colonial world order, with major leaders backing Palestinian independence. In 1947, India opposed the United Nations plan to partition Palestine. And four decades later, in 1988, India became one of the first non-Arab states to recognise Palestine.

The end of the Cold War – India leaned towards the Soviet Union despite officially being non-aligned – forced a change in New Delhi’s calculations. Alongside an outreach to the United States, India also established diplomatic relations with Israel in January 1992.

Since then, defence ties have anchored the relationship, which has also expanded on other fronts in recent years.

Modi’s rise to power in India in 2014 proved to be the catalyst for the biggest shift in relations. Modi’s Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has an ideology rooted in the vision of making India a Hindu nation, a natural homeland for Hindus anywhere in the world – an approach that mirrors, in many ways, Israel’s view of itself as a Jewish homeland. Both Modi and Israel view “Islamic terrorism”, which critics say is also shorthand for justifications needed to pursue broader anti-Muslim policies, as major threats.

Under Modi, India has become Israel’s largest weapons buyer. And in 2024, as Israel waged its war on Gaza, Indian weapons firms sold Israel rockets and explosives, according to an Al Jazeera investigation.

Ahead of Modi’s upcoming visit, the two countries signed a memorandum of understanding that aims to further deepen defence ties, with India exploring the joint development of anti-ballistic missile defence with Israel. In Jerusalem, Modi is scheduled to address the Knesset, Israel’s parliament.

“Modi’s address is special because of how it underlines the scale of the shift in relations under the Bharatiya Janata Party towards an overtly pro-Israel policy,” Max Rodenbeck, project director at the Washington-based Crisis Group’s Israel-Palestine department, told Al Jazeera.

But Modi’s visit is also personal for Netanyahu, Rodenbeck said. Israel is months away from a national election that is, in effect, a referendum on Netanyahu’s government – from the intelligence failures that enabled the October 7 attack by Palestinian groups to the war on Gaza that followed, as well as his attempts to weaken judicial independence through reforms.

The visit appears “as almost a personal favour to Netanyahu by boosting his image as an international statesman just as Israeli election campaigning is getting underway”, Rodenbeck said.

While several Western leaders have visited Israel since it began its genocidal war on Gaza in October 2023, few leaders from the Global South have made the trip.

At a time when the Gaza war has shrunk the set of countries willing to be seen as Israel’s friends, especially among emerging economies, Modi’s visit is significant.

Israel does not “have many friends” globally at the moment, said Kabir Taneja, the executive director of the Middle East office at the Observer Research Foundation, a New Delhi-based think tank. “So India is playing that role,” he added. “[Modi’s visit] sort of shows that Israel is not fully isolated.”

modi
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu attend an Innovation conference with Israeli and Indian CEOs in Tel Aviv, Israel, on July 6, 2017 [Oded Balilty/Reuters]

The July 2017 visit

In many ways, Modi’s visit to Israel this week will look to build on his July 2017 trip, which was a watershed moment in the bilateral ties, analysts note.

No Indian Prime Minister had previously visited Israel, but even lower-level diplomats would, until then, pair their Israel visits with parallel engagements in the Palestinian territory.

Modi broke with that policy. He did not visit Palestine in 2017, only making a trip there in 2018, by which time he had already also hosted Netanyahu in New Delhi. It had also been the first visit by an Israeli premier to India.

The 2017 Modi visit has been under scrutiny recently. An email released by the US Justice Department as part of the Jeffrey Epstein files showed that the late disgraced financier had advised a billionaire close to Modi during his trip.

After the visit on July 6, Epstein, a convicted sex offender, had emailed an unidentified individual he referred to as “Jabor Y”, saying: “The Indian Prime minister modi took advice. and danced and sang in israel for the benefit of the US president. they had met a few weeks ago.. IT WORKED. !”

India’s Ministry of External Affairs has dismissed these claims as the “trashy ruminations” of a convicted criminal.

Nonetheless, Modi’s visit to Israel solidified the bilateral relationship. Trade between the two nations has grown from $200m in 1992 to more than $6bn in 2024.

India is still Israel’s second-largest Asian trading partner after China in goods, dominated by diamonds, petroleum, and chemicals. India and Israel signed a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) in September last year and have both been looking to close negotiations on a free trade deal.

At the same time, people-to-people ties have grown as well. After Israel banned Palestinians from working in the country following the Hamas-led attack on October 7, 2023, thousands of Indians lined up to work in Israeli construction companies.

“India and Israel have a fairly deep strategic and economic relationship that has been flourishing since Prime Minister Modi came to office,” said the Observer Research Foundation’s Taneja.

Modi was also among the first world leaders to condemn the Hamas-led attack and throw India’s support behind Israel.

“It really, really feeds into India’s posture against terrorism,” Taneja said about the India-Israel ties. “Israel is a country that India sees facing similar crisis when it comes to terrorism.”

India accuses Pakistan of sponsoring armed attacks on its territory and in Indian-administered Kashmir. Pakistan has accepted that its nationals have, in some instances, been behind these attacks, but has rejected accusations that it has trained or financed the attackers.

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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his wife, Sara, tie a garland made of cotton threads to the portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, as Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi stands next to them, at Gandhi Ashram in Ahmedabad, India, on January 17, 2018 [Amit Dave/Reuters]

Over the horizon, a different Middle East?

Despite its close ties with Israel, New Delhi under Modi has not completely abandoned its position on the Palestinian cause, calling for a two-state solution and peace through dialogue. But it has been increasingly hesitant to criticise Israel over its war crimes in the occupied Palestinian territory.

India’s historical support for the Palestinian cause is rooted in its pivotal role in the non-alignment movement, the Cold War-era neutrality posture adopted by several developing nations. Even before India gained independence, the leader of its freedom struggle, Mahatma Gandhi, decried the “imposition of Jews over Arabs” through the creation of Israel.

India now no longer calls its approach non-alignment, instead referring to it as “strategic autonomy”.

“The Middle East is the only geography where this policy actually functions, and also provide[s] dividend[s],” Taneja told Al Jazeera. “India has good relations with Israel, Arab powers and Iran alike. One of the reasons [it works is] because India does not step into regional conflicts and confrontations.”

But under pressure from US President Donald Trump, India has stopped buying oil from Iran and taken steps to end its work on developing the strategically significant Chabahar port, which New Delhi viewed as a gateway into landlocked Central Asia and Afghanistan.

Now, Trump is threatening to attack Iran. The US has amassed warships and jets near Iran, even as Washington and Tehran continue to engage in diplomatic talks.

“I suspect India may be looking over the horizon to a Middle East where Iran has suffered heavy attack from the US and Israel, and no longer projects power in the region. In these circumstances, Israel will emerge as something of a regional hegemon,” said the Crisis Group’s Rodenbeck.

Hong Kong court rejects appeal in landmark subversion case

The Hong Kong Court of Appeal has dismissed an appeal by jailed democracy campaigners in a high-profile subversion case brought under the Beijing-imposed national security law.

The verdict on Monday stems from the “Hong Kong 47” case, where many leading pro-democracy activists and politicians ⁠were arrested en masse ⁠for organising an unofficial primary election that authorities deemed to be a subversive plot.

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Forty-five of the defendants were sentenced in 2024 to between four years and 10 years in prison, with the punishments drawing criticism from foreign governments and rights groups.

Eleven of the activists who appealed their convictions lost their bids on Monday.

They included former lawmakers Leung Kwok-hung, Lam Cheuk-ting, Raymond Chan and Helena Wong, as well as former journalist Gwyneth Ho.

All appeals over sentences were also dismissed by the Court of Appeal.

Lawrence Lau, a pro-democracy former district councillor, was one of two activists acquitted in the case. Judges upheld his acquittal following an appeal by the prosecution.

The cases stem from the aftermath of huge, sometimes violent pro-democracy protests that convulsed Hong Kong from 2019. The following year, in June, Beijing imposed a sweeping national security law that snuffed out most dissent in the semi-autonomous city.

In July of that year, the pro-democracy camp held its unofficial primary to shortlist candidates for a legislative election later that year.

The camp hoped to secure a majority in the legislature so they could then threaten to veto the city budget unless the government accepted demands like universal suffrage and greater police accountability.

A record number of voters turned out for the unofficial poll.

Months later, authorities rounded up the opposition figures in a mass arrest.

Aged between 28 and 69, the group included democratically elected lawmakers and district councillors, as well as unionists, academics and others, ranging from modest reformists to radical localists.

During the trial, prosecutors said the activists aimed to paralyse Hong Kong’s government and force the city’s leader to resign.

The judges said in their 2024 verdict that the activists’ plans to effect change through the unofficial primary would have undermined the government’s authority and created a constitutional crisis.

During the appeal hearing last year, defence lawyer Erik Shum said that lawmakers should be allowed to veto the budget as a form of “check and balance”, as stated in Hong Kong’s mini-constitution.

“In order to check the unpopular exercise of powers by the executive, one of the important measures is to tie the purse,” he told the court.

Some of the appellants have already spent nearly five years behind bars.

As of last month, 18 other defendants who did not contest their convictions have been released after completing their sentences.

In recent years, Hong Kong has faced more restrictions on freedom of expression and the press.