War in Sudan: Humanitarian, fighting, control developments, November 2025

Sudan’s army, known as the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), is still fighting a devastating conflict with the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), despite the country’s continuing humanitarian crisis.

The resource-rich Northeast African nation’s top generals, who are both accused of crimes against humanity and crimes against humanity, don’t appear to be turning down international calls for a ceasefire.

What significant humanitarian, political, and battlefield developments are occurring this month?

Military and combat control

    After retaking El-Fasher, the last remaining army stronghold in the area, in late October, the RSF has been killing civilians and strengthening its grip on the West Darfur state.

  • Most of the country’s eastern and central regions, including Khartoum and parts of Kordofan, are occupied by the SAF. However, the RSF and some of its allied militias have been deploying troops and equipment to further central Kordofan.
  • The RSF has targeted Babnusa and El-Obeid, strategic cities with high agricultural, livestock, and petroleum resources, which give them a significant military advantage and an economic advantage over Khartoum.
  • As international organizations push for a ceasefire that might allow the Army to retake control of Kazqil and Um Dam Haj Ahmed in North Kordofan, they have been occupying the area in central Sudan.

Humanitarian crisis

  • Witnesses and international aid organizations in Darfur remarked numerous, horrifying atrocities committed by the RSF following its bloody annexation of El-Fasher. RSF militias are implicated in numerous mass murders, including rape of girls and women, as well as holding hostages for ransom.
  • After fleeing El-Fasher to nearby Tawila, thousands of people have still vanished. In response to the humanitarian crisis there, where the UN is struggling, and where thousands more Sudanese civilians are being forced to flee, there are agencies working to help those in the country.
  • In an effort to conceal what a Sudanese non-governmental medical organization called a “genocide,” the RSF burned and buried a large number of bodies in mass graves throughout several areas of El-Fasher, according to satellite images.
  • Early in November, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) revealed that famine had been found in Kadugli, a town in South Kordofan, as well as in El-Fasher. According to the UN-backed global hunger monitor, 20 other Darfur and Kordofan regions are seriously at risk of experiencing severe famine conditions as a result of the majority of aid remaining blocked.
  • Sudan has the largest displacement crisis in the world, according to Amy Pope, director general of the UN’s International Organization for Migration, and it is not receiving the attention it deserves despite affecting most children and women. Nearly 14 million people are internally displaced or forced to flee to developing nations.
On November 22, 2025, el-Fasher refugee girl Mabroka Adam poses inside her family tent at the Tine transit refugee camp. [Amr.

political and diplomatic developments

  • A truce proposal that envisages a possible transition to civilian rule in Sudan has been submitted by the so-called Quad, which includes the United States, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates. Even though the RSF claims to accept the proposal while the SAF rejects it, fighting continues on the ground.
  • The RSF announced on November 6 that it had accepted the mediators’ proposals, and its commanding general, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, who is well-known as Hemedti, claimed in a video message on November 26 that his paramilitary force is engaged in an ostensibly unilateral three-month “humanitarian truce.” However, November’s RSF attacks continued.
  • The RSF commander announced this the day after army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan publicly stated his opposition to the Quad proposal in an address to senior commanders. Al-Burhan claimed that the proposal severely impairs the RSF, dissolves security organizations, and keeps the RSF in its current positions.
  • The army commander also cited the UAE as a source of legitimacy and claimed that the Quad had been “the only country to witness the UAE’s support for rebels against the Sudanese state.” The RSF continues to deny arming and funding it, despite the largest import of gold from Sudan.
  • Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman appealed to the US president during a White House visit, and he vowed “cooperation and coordination” to put an end to Sudan’s conflict. Massad Boulos, Trump’s senior adviser on Arab and African affairs, and Anwar Gargash, the UAE’s president’s diplomatic adviser, held a press conference to discuss the proposed truce.

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‘Neighbourhoods buried under mud’: Sri Lanka floods death toll nears 200

Authorities in Sri Lanka are still dealing with rising floodwaters in parts of the capital after a devastating cyclone left a trail of destruction, with at least 193 confirmed dead.

More than 220 people are still missing, according to the Disaster Management Centre (DMC), adding that more than 220 of them are expected to be affected by Cyclone Ditwah’s continued heavy rains.

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Five Navy personnel were last seen attempting to shut off overflowing water at a Naval sub-station in Chalai Lagoon, northeast of Sri Lanka, according to a report from the Daily Mirror newspaper on Sunday.

The DMC claims that the country’s nearly 15, 000 homes have been destroyed by the extreme weather system, sending almost 44, 000 people to state-run temporary shelters.

According to Al Jazeera’s Minelle Fernandez, who was based in Sammanthurai in eastern Sri Lanka, the nation is dealing with the storm’s aftermath.

She said, “Some neighborhoods are completely submerged in mud, and each one brings more desperation.” There are also areas where communication has been hampered, and some areas have not yet sent updates.

In other locations, Fernandez noted, newly planted rice was submerged in water as a result of persistent rain.

According to DMC, the Kelani River’s water level was rising, making Colombo’s northern region also vulnerable to a significant flood.

A DMC official stated that while the cyclone has left, heavy rains upstream are currently dredging low-lying areas along the Kelani River.

In Kaduwela, on the outskirts of Colombo, houses are partially submerged in floodwaters after a heavy downpour.

In response to the cyclone’s aftermath, President Anura Kumara Dissanayake declared a state of emergency on Saturday and called for international assistance.

India was the first country to intervene, sending two helicopters and relief supplies to rescue missions. Japan pledged further assistance and said it would send a team to assess immediate needs.

The DMC reported that while the island’s rainfall has subsided, several roads in the worst-affected central province have remained inaccessible.

More than 20 000 homes have been destroyed by the extreme weather system, and 122 000 have been placed in temporary housing with the government. After the floods caused the displacement of another 833, 000 people, they needed assistance.

The relief effort has included the participation of civilian workers and volunteers from the army, navy, and air force.

According to officials, about a third of the nation’s power lines and drewn water purification facilities, leaving no electricity or running water. Additionally, internet connections have been hampered.

Since 2017, when more than 200 people have died and hundreds of thousands have been displaced as a result of flooding and landslides, the cyclone has become Sri Lanka’s deadliest natural disaster.

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