Israel-Iran conflict rages with ongoing aerial strikes amid war of words

Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has warned the United States that joining Israeli strikes on his country would “result in irreparable consequences” for the US as his and US President Donald Trump’s war of words accelerates and the Israel-Iran hostilities rage for a sixth day.

In his first televised address since Israel began its attacks on Friday, Khamenei said on Wednesday that Iran “will not surrender to anyone”.

His remarks came as Israel reported that Iran launched a fresh wave of missiles on Wednesday evening, with explosions heard in the greater Tel Aviv area and east of the city, following Israeli strikes on Tehran and other parts of the country throughout the day.

Iran “will stand firm against an imposed war, just as it will stand firm against an imposed peace”, he said.

Responding to threatening remarks made a day earlier by Trump, Khamenei said those who know Iran and its history “know that Iranians do not answer well to the language of threat”.

In recent days, Trump has strongly hinted that the US could join in Israel’s military operation against Iran, saying he is seeking something “much bigger” than a ceasefire.

In comments made on Wednesday on the White House lawn at a flag-raising ceremony, Trump said: “I may do it. I may not do it,” when asked if the US was moving closer to striking Iran. “I mean, nobody knows what I’m going to do,” he added.

He claimed, without offering any evidence, that Iran is “totally defenceless. They have no air defence whatsoever.” Iran has said it has had success in bringing down Israeli drones and fighter jets.

“The next week is going to be very big, maybe less than a week,” Trump said without elaborating.

The US has in recent days sent more warplanes to the Middle East and is also sending the USS Nimitz aircraft carrier.

The US president claimed Iranian officials reached out to him and suggested visiting the White House, something Iran denies.

“No Iranian official has ever asked to grovel at the gates of the White House. The only thing more despicable than his lies is his cowardly threat to ‘take out’ Iran’s Supreme Leader,” the Iranian mission at the United Nations said in a post on X.

Trump’s comments came after he demanded on Tuesday Iran’s “unconditional surrender”, saying: “We now have complete and total control of the skies over Iran.” He also boasted that the US could easily assassinate Khamenei.

In an interview with Al Jazeera, Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Esmaeil Baghaei echoed Khamenei’s sentiments, warning: “Any American intervention would be a recipe for an all-out war in the region.”

Iran is “under an attack by a genocidal” government and it will defend itself with “full force” against Israel’s “war of aggression”, Baghaei said.

Significantly, he added he trusted that Iran’s Arab neighbours would not allow the US to launch attacks on Iran from their countries.

Day 6 of Israel-Iran hostilities

The warnings were issued as Israel and Iran exchanged fire for a sixth consecutive day. The Israeli military said it struck 40 sites in Iran, including centrifuge production and weapons facilities.

The strikes targeted two centrifuge production sites – one in Tehran and one in Karaj, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Reporting from Tehran, Al Jazeera’s Tohid Assadi said explosions were heard near Payam International Airport in Karaj as well as in areas in eastern Tehran. An Iranian government spokesperson also confirmed cyberattacks on at least two of Iran’s banks, he added.

Translation: Another attack near the same previous location in northeast Tehran. Sadr Highway is visible in the footage.

Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz said Israeli jets “destroyed the Iranian regime’s internal security headquarters” without providing evidence.

Israel’s military confirmed one of its remotely piloted aircraft fell in Iran after being shot at by a surface-to-air missile. “No injuries were reported, and there is no risk of an information breach,” the military said. Iranian state media earlier had said Iranian forces shot down an Israeli drone and fighter jet.

‘Crazed’ Israeli attacks

Israeli strikes have continued to target other areas of Iran, including the central province of Isfahan. An Israeli strike on a vehicle in Najafabad killed six people, including a pregnant woman and two children, Iran’s Tasnim news agency reported.

According to Iran’s Ministry of Health and Medical Education, at least 240 people, including 70 women and children, have been killed since Israel began attacking the country.

In a statement on Wednesday, the Israeli army said it is “operating freely” in Iranian skies and had shot down 10 Iranian drones.

It also said its forces intercepted an Iranian drone that entered airspace over the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights in Syria.

Meanwhile, as Iran continues to launch barrages of Iranian missiles at Israel, Al Jazeera’s Nour Odeh, reporting from Amman, Jordan, said Iran’s attacks are creating an unprecedented “disruption” of life.

“Over the past six days, the Israeli public has experienced something they haven’t in the past: a formidable army that is firing ballistic missiles at Israeli cities and sensitive Israeli sites,” Odeh said.

They’re seeing “reports in their back yard of dozens of buildings damaged and condemned for demolition,” she said. “There are more than 1,300 Israelis who now have to live in hotels because their homes are unliveable, damaged beyond repair.”

IN another development, Iran’s Ministry of Communications said it will temporarily limit internet access to prevent “the enemy from threatening citizens’ lives and property.” The announcement follows an earlier report from the London-based internet watchdog Netblocks stating that there was a “near-total national internet blackout.”

The attacks have continued to cause global concern, and many countries have expressed a need for de-escalation.

Russian President Vladimir Putin reiterated his country’s willingness to help mediate the crisis.

Speaking to members of his ruling Justice and Development Party in parliament, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said his country wants to see the crisis resolved diplomatically and Ankara could play a constructive role.

Erdogan accused Israel of waging “crazed” attacks against Iran that amount to “state terrorism”. Iran’s response, he said, has been natural, legal and legitimate.

Hassan Ahmadian, an associate professor at the University of Tehran, said he doubts the prospects for any diplomatic solution between Iran and the US, which had been trying to reach a new nuclear agreement before Israel launched its attacks.

“The minimal trust that led to the negotiations with the US is currently nonexistent,” Ahmadian said, adding that many Iranians now view the previous round of nuclear talks as little more than a distraction before the surprise Israeli attack.

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How has Iran managed to pierce through Israel’s air defence systems?

Israel’s launch of air attacks against Iran on Friday prompted Tehran to fire a wave of retaliatory strikes on Israel, and some Iranian ballistic missiles have pierced through Israel’s missile defence systems and hit key targets.

Israel’s escalating attacks have killed more than 240 people, including 70 women and children, in Iran. In retaliation, Iran has fired about 400 missiles and hundreds of drones, killing at least 24 people in Israel, wounding hundreds and forcing Israelis across the country to take cover in bomb shelters.

Some Iranian strikes have hit residential areas in central Israel, causing heavy damage. Israel’s fortified military headquarters in Tel Aviv, the Kirya, was also hit although damage was limited there.

On Tuesday, Iran said it hit a military intelligence centre and a Mossad spy agency operations planning centre, breaching Israel’s advanced missile defence systems – some of the most advanced in the world.

In recent history, Israel has successfully intercepted most aerial attacks coming its way through these systems, such as its signature Iron Dome.

So how are Iranian missiles making it past Israel’s air defences?

What is Israel’s Iron Dome?

While the Iron Dome is at the heart of Israel’s air defences, it is only a part of a larger system, comprising “the lowest level of these multitiered, integrated air defences,” said Alex Gatopoulos, Al Jazeera’s defence editor.

The Iron Dome detects an incoming rocket or missile, determines its path and intercepts it. Israel said the Iron Dome is 90 percent effective. It became operational in 2011 after it was developed to counter rocket attacks during the war with Hezbollah in 2006.

Gatopoulos explained that the Iron Dome was designed to intercept low-level rockets that larger systems would not be able to detect.

Israel also has the Barak-8 surface-to-air missile system, which intercepts medium-range missiles; the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system, which intercepts short-, medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles; and the David’s Sling, which intercepts medium- to long-range missiles.

What is Israel’s defence against Iranian missiles?

The Israeli missile defence systems use the Arrow-2 and Arrow-3 interceptors to intercept long-range missiles, such as Iranian missiles fired in the current conflict.

The main contractor for the Arrow project is state-owned Israel Aerospace Industries, and Boeing is involved in making the interceptors.

The Arrow-2 is designed to intercept incoming missiles at slightly higher altitudes within and outside the Earth’s atmosphere.

Besides using air defence systems, Israel also carries out air-to-air missile defence, which involves the use of aircraft, such as combat helicopters or fighter jets, to destroy drones heading towards Israel.

How do air defence systems work?

Israeli air defence systems are made of three components: a radar system, a command and control centre, and a launcher with interceptor missiles.

An incoming enemy missile is tracked on the radar, which alerts the control centre to assess which targets to engage. The launcher normally sends out two interceptor missiles for one incoming enemy missile, Marina Miron, a postdoctoral researcher at King’s College London, told Al Jazeera.

All air defence systems are equipped with a limited number of interceptor missiles, and the exact number of interceptor missiles in Israel’s air defence systems is unknown to the public.

Has Iran broken through Israeli air defences?

On Saturday, an Israeli military official said its defence systems had an “80 or 90 percent success rate”, emphasising that no system has a perfect rate, the Reuters news agency reported without naming the official.

This means that some Iranian missiles had pierced the fortifications.

How has Iran managed to break through?

While we do not know exactly how some Iranian missiles made it past Israeli air defence systems, there are a few possible ways Iranian drones and missiles managed to avoid interception.

Exhausting interceptor missiles

One way Iran possibly evaded Israeli air defences is by exhausting Israel’s interceptor missiles.

“No system shoots down 100 percent [missiles] anyway,” Miron said, adding: “You cannot shoot down more missiles if you only have a limited number of interceptors.”

Hypersonic missiles

Gatopoulos said Iran has hypersonic missiles, a direct reaction to evolving and maturing ballistic missile defences. This is because one way to evade an air defence system is to use missiles that fly faster, giving the air defence system less time to react.

Miron said hypersonic missiles are difficult for air defence systems to intercept even if they are detected by radar.

Some hypersonic missiles are also equipped with a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV), a warhead attached to a missile that can manoeuvre and glide at speeds five times faster than the speed of sound. In Iran, the Fattah-2 uses the HGV. “It looks like a normal missile with a craft attached to the end of it,” Gatopoulos said.

He explained that besides travelling faster, HGVs also zigzag and do not move on a predictive path like regular ballistic missiles. Such quick, erratic movements evade air defence systems, which are designed to predict the path a missile will take.

Cruise missiles

Cruise missiles can also change their trajectory and become difficult to intercept, Miron said.

Iran has cruise missiles in its arsenal, such as the Hoveyzeh missile, and has used such missiles against Israel. While these missiles are slower than ballistic missiles, they fly like pilotless planes, low and steady, sneaking past air defences.

What are other ways air defence systems can be challenged?

Another way air defence systems can be tested is by overloading their systems by tricking them with decoys of drones and missiles, Miron added.

“It shows up as a threat on the radar, but in actuality, it’s not. And usually such decoys are used … to empty the interceptor missile reserve so that the actual missiles and drones can get through.”

Miron added that some missiles are also equipped with radar suppression technologies that make them undetectable for air defence systems.

Could Iran or Israel run out of missiles?

Gatopoulos explained that the conflict between Iran and Israel is “attritional” at the moment.

On Monday, Israel claimed dominance over Iranian skies. However, the shortest distance between Iran and Israel is 1,000km (620 miles). “It is a long way for Israeli planes to go unfuelled,” Gatopoulos said.

“You can loiter there, but only up to a certain amount of time,” he added. He explained that while the US could possibly help Israel with air-to-air refuelling, adding external tanks on planes makes them lose stealth properties.

Hurricane Erick approaches Pacific coast, threatens Mexico with flooding

Southern coastal Mexico is expected to experience heavy rain, strong winds, storm surge, and possible mudslides as a result of Hurricane Erick, according to the National Hurricane Center (NHC), which has predicted “life-threatening flooding and mudslides.”

The meteorological center reported that Erick, which started out as a tropical storm, turned into a Category 1 hurricane on Wednesday, with winds reaching 120 km/h (75 mph) at its maximum sustained. Puerto Angel, in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca, is 255 kilometers (158 miles) away.

The NHC stated that “Rapid strengthening is anticipated today, and Erick may strengthen significantly as it travels toward southern Mexico on Thursday.”

Rainfall was forecast for the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Guerrero, as well as for Chiapas, Michoacan, Colima, and Jalisco, which would experience less rain.

Claudia Sheinbaum, president of Mexico, urged the populace to be on guard.

The storm’s projected course would be closest to Acapulco, a famous resort that was devasted by Hurricane Otis, a Category 5 hurricane that left a trail of destruction and caused at least 52 fatalities in October 2023. The resort’s hotels were severely damaged by the storm’s projected path, which would take its center near.

‘Growing number’ of Britons view Israel’s actions in Gaza as genocide: Poll

London, United Kingdom – According to a new poll, the majority of Britons who oppose Israel’s war on Gaza believe the massacre, which has so far killed more than 55, 000 people, amounts to genocide.

According to the survey conducted by YouGov and funded by the Action for Humanity charity and the advocacy group for the International Centre of Justice for Palestinians (ICJP), 55% of Britons oppose Israel’s aggression. 82 percent of those opposers claimed that Israel’s actions were genocide.

Action for Humanity and ICJP reported that “45 percent of adults in the UK view Israel’s actions as genocidal.”

On Wednesday, the poll’s details were made public. 2, 010 people responded to the survey in early June.

65% of respondents said the UK should impose the arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit.

A majority of the people in this country are clearly disgusted with Israel’s actions, according to Othman Moqbel, the organization’s director.

Most people, he added, think the UK should “each and seek justice against those responsible” in spite of its best efforts.

The government’s failure to acknowledge the magnitude of the crimes committed against Gaza puts them on the wrong side of history, not just the wrong side of the present.

Over the past 20 months, tens of thousands of Britons have protested Israel’s occupation of Gaza.

In recent weeks, the government of Prime Minister Keir Starmer has sanctioned top officials and used harsher language against Israel. In response to concerns that Israel was breaking international humanitarian law, the UK suspended 30 arms export licenses to Israel in 2024.

However, critics have criticized the UK’s response’s speed and strength, calling for tougher sanctions and measures to stop Israel from receiving F-35 components made in the UK.

Britons who cast a ballot for the Labour Party in the general election of 2024 were also highlighted in the survey.

87 percent of Labour voters believe that the actions taken in Gaza constitute a genocide, up to the 68 percent who are opposed to them. The UK should carry out the ICC arrest warrant for Netanyahu, according to 78 percent of Labour voters.

The UK has urged it to abide by the ICC warrant.

According to Jonathan Purcell of the International Centre of Justice for Palestinians, “the UK government is completely out of touch with the British public they are supposed to represent, and the Labour Party is even more out of touch with their own voters.”

What’s the impact of the Israel-Iran conflict on oil prices?

Energy markets are strewn over and worried about inflation as a result of their air strikes.

Every missile launch could have an impact on the world economy as the Israeli-Iran conflict gets worse.

20% of the world’s oil, which travels through the Strait of Hormuz, is in danger.

Travel, tourism, and the shipping industry are all threatened by threats that are vital to trade routes.

Oil was at a record high of $76.45 per barrel. The cost of living would go up if they kept rising, making it impossible to compare everywhere.