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Archive June 4, 2025

The water of Hajj: A simple illustrated guide to Zamzam

The Hajj pilgrimage began on Wednesday. Some 1.8 million Muslims from across the globe are expected to gather in the Saudi holy city of Mecca for the annual gathering that will conclude on June 8.

Hajj is a once-in-a-lifetime obligation for all adult Muslims who are physically and financially able to make the journey.

Throughout the sacred pilgrimage, pilgrims drink from Zamzam, a wellspring believed to have been flowing for more than 4,000 years, nourishing them to this day.

But where does this water come from, and why does it hold such deep significance?

Where is the Zamzam well located?

Zamzam water comes from a well, located within the Grand Mosque of Mecca (Masjid al-Haram), some 21 metres (69 feet) east of the Kaaba.

The Zamzam well is beneath the Mataf area, which is the white marble-tiled space surrounding the Kaaba where pilgrims perform Tawaf.

In 1962, King Saud commissioned the expansion of the Mataf area to better accommodate the growing number of pilgrims. As part of this project, the opening of the Zamzam well was lowered and enclosed in a basement approximately 2.7 metres (9 feet) deep beneath the Mataf.

In 2003, the basement entrances were closed, and drinking fountains were relocated to the sides of the Mataf to allow for further expansion.

Today, pilgrims access Zamzam water through dispensers and fountains spread throughout the Grand Mosque.

Why is Zamzam important to Hajj and Umrah?

Zamzam water is deeply connected to the origins of Mecca and the story of Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim), his wife Hagar (Hajar), and their son Ishmael (Ismail).

According to Islamic tradition, Prophet Abraham left Hagar and baby Ishmael in the desert valley of Mecca by God’s command as a test of faith.

When their provisions ran out, Hagar ran back and forth seven times between the two small hills of Safa and Marwa searching for water.

The domed building covering the Zamzam well in 1803 [Mahometaanen]
The domed building covering the Zamzam well in 1803 [Mahometaanen]

God responded to her faith and struggle with a miracle: water began to gush from the ground near baby Ishmael’s feet – this became the Zamzam well.

This spring saved their lives and led to the settlement of Mecca, which today has a population of about 2.2 million.

Building covering Zamzam in 1888 [Qatar National Library]
The building covering Zamzam in 1888 [Qatar National Library]

During Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims re-enact Hagar’s search for water by walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwa in the ritual of Sa’i and drink Zamzam water following the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad, who praised its purity and healing qualities.

What does Zamzam mean?

According to Islamic tradition, when the Zamzam spring miraculously gushed forth near baby Ishmael’s feet, Hagar tried to contain the water, fearing it would run out.

She is said to have exclaimed “Zamzam”, which is often understood to mean “stop! stop!” or “hold! hold!” as she tried to stop the water from flowing away by gathering it around the spring.

What is the source of the Zamzam aquifer?

Zamzam water comes from a natural underground source beneath the Grand Mosque in Mecca. The well draws water from an aquifer, a layer of rock and sand that holds water, which is refilled by rainwater that seeps in from the surrounding Ibrahim Valley (Wadi Ibrahim) and nearby hills.

The Zamzam well is about 31 metres (101 feet) deep and was originally hand-dug. Water enters the well through loose sand and gravel in the top part, and also from cracks in the solid rock below.

Today, electric pumps bring the water up instead of the old rope-and-bucket method. The well itself is now closed to the public, but the water is available through fountains and dispensers around the Grand Mosque.

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The Zamzam well is considered to have flowed uninterrupted for more than 4,000 years. The continuous flow of water and its central role in Hajj and Umrah have been well-documented for centuries.

According to the General Authority for the Care & Management of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, extraction and consumption of Zamzam vary by season:

  • On regular days:
    Water supply: At least 950,400 litres (251,000 US gallons) daily
    Consumption: About 700,000 litres (185,000 US gallons) daily
  • During peak seasons (Hajj and Ramadan):
    Water supply: Up to 1.6 million litres (423,000 US gallons) daily
    Consumption: Can reach 2 million litres (528,000 US gallons) daily due to the surge in pilgrims

According to the Saudi visa office, ​​Mecca is expecting to welcome 15 million Umrah pilgrims in 2025.

To manage this demand, the Zamzam well is monitored in real time using digital sensors that track water level, pH (potential of hydrogen; a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid), temperature, and conductivity. Additional monitoring wells across Wadi Ibrahim help assess how the entire aquifer responds to water use and rainfall.

The Zamzam Studies and Research Centre (ZSRC) estimates how much water can be safely extracted and advises the Grand Mosque authority on sustainable pumping levels. Each year, the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) issues a pumping schedule, with peak demand during Ramadan and Dhul-Hijjah and the lowest in Muharram.

If water levels fall below a set threshold, pumping is paused to allow the well to recover, ensuring a stable, long-term supply.

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How is Zamzam different from tap water?

Zamzam water is clear and odourless, but it has a distinct taste due to its rich mineral content. It is slightly alkaline, with a pH between 7.9 and 8.0, higher than regular drinking water.

A study by King Saud University found no biological contamination or algae in Zamzam water, which are common in other wells and can affect taste and safety.

The minerals in Zamzam water offer several health benefits:

  • Fluoride: Helps prevent tooth decay, especially important in hot climates.
  • Calcium and magnesium: Present in higher amounts. Calcium is in an ionic form, making it easier for the body to absorb.
  • Sodium and potassium: Support hydration, nerve function and muscle health.

Overall, the total mineral count for Zamzam is 835mg/litre compared with Riyadh’s tap water at 350mg/litre.

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How is Zamzam distributed?

The Saudi government prohibits the sale of Zamzam water for commercial purposes and strictly regulates its distribution to ensure it is provided as a sacred gift to pilgrims and not exploited for profit.

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Pilgrims returning from Hajj or Umrah often bring back a 5-litre bottle of Zamzam water to share with family and friends back home. Because Zamzam water is considered a special gift, airlines typically do not include it in the regular luggage allowance, so pilgrims often carry it separately or follow specific guidelines when transporting it home.

Saudi authorities have established a sophisticated, multistage system to store and distribute Zamzam water, ensuring it remains clean, safe and easily accessible. Electric pumps transport Zamzam water 5km (3 miles) south to the King Abdullah Zamzam Water Project in Kudai. There, the water is purified and then bottled.

After treatment, the water is stored in two main reservoirs:

  • Kudai reservoir: holds 10,000 cubic metres (10 million litres)
  • King Abdulaziz Sabeel reservoir in Madinah: holds 16,000 cubic metres (16 million litres)

South Korea’s Lee promises to ‘heal wounds’ in first address as president

South Korea’s new President Lee Jae-myung has pledged to “heal wounds” after months of political and economic turmoil across the country and to reopen dialogue with North Korea in his first speech after taking office following a landslide win at the polls.

Lee, who hails from the liberal Democratic Party of Korea, replaces ousted President Yoon Suk-yeol, who last year triggered a national emergency when he briefly imposed martial law, citing antistate forces and North Korean infiltration.

After taking the oath of office at parliament on Wednesday, Lee pledged to help South Korea reverse course following months of uncertainty and political protest.

South Korea has also found itself under attack from the United States, a top economic and security ally, where trade protectionism is on the rise under President Donald Trump.

“A Lee Jae-myung government will be a pragmatic pro-market government”, Lee said in a speech.

Lee said he would try to make headway in South Korea’s relations with Pyongyang, working to “deter North Korean nuclear and military provocations while opening communication channels and pursuing dialogue and cooperation to build peace on the Korean Peninsula”.

“We will heal the wounds of division and war and establish a future of peace and prosperity”, he said.

“No matter how costly, peace is better than war”, he added.

Lee also warned that “rising protectionism and supply chain restructuring” posed a threat to South Korea’s export-driven economy, and said he would address cost-of-living concerns facing middle- and low-income families.

South Korea’s caretaker government, which ruled after Yoon’s ouster, failed to negotiate a trade deal with the Trump administration to cut down proposed tariffs on imports from the country.

Trump’s 25 percent “Liberation Day” tariffs on South Korea – aimed at addressing the US trade imbalance – are currently on pause pending negotiations, but South Korean exporters were hit with a new 50 percent tariff on steel and aluminium products.

Why time is right for resilient ‘Mini Messi’ Kirby to end England career

Images courtesy of Getty
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What resilience, with serious talent, can accomplish, is exemplified by Fran Kirby’s international career.

Despite suffering numerous setbacks both on and off the pitch, Kirby managed to win 77 caps and a medal for the European championships while playing for England for 11 years.

An hour after England lost to Spain on Tuesday, and just days after goalkeeper Mary Earps did the same, the 31-year-old midfielder made the decision to leave international football.

However, Kirby’s announcement made more sense than Earps’ retirement stunned England supporters, who were initially skeptical about the timing and potential disruption.

Earps had fallen down the pecking order, but he was scheduled to take Hannah Hampton to the top of the group for Euro 2025, which will begin in four weeks, but manager Sarina Wiegman had informed Kirby that she was not going to play.

What led to this choice, exactly?

Kirby’s talent is unquestionable.

She will be remembered as one of the most exceptional women’s players and one of England’s greatest servants.

Kirby would undoubtedly have made a century of international appearances if it hadn’t been for a string of protracted illnesses and injuries.

Knee and ankle issues started in 2017, and two years later, she needed treatment for pericarditis, a fluid-filled sac that was potentially fatal.

In the run-up to Euro 2022, she took a break due to fatigue, and a second knee injury that required surgery made her unable to participate in the 2023 World Cup.

After that, minor issues started to occur more frequently. She was called up to the squad for the double-header against Belgium in April after missing the Nations League games in February, only to have to miss the opening game.

Wiegman made the decision to reject Kirby, who knew that this would be her last chance to compete in a major tournament, and her fitness concerns undoubtedly contributed.

They engaged in “honest conversations” last month, and Kirby made the decision when the reality became clear.

She is both a fantastic player and a fantastic person. She gave it her all, according to Wiegman.

She has always been ready to play and perform, give others a helping hand, and follow my instructions when she was in [camp].

The stage was lit up by “Mini Messi” who was the “Mini Messi”

Fran Kirby celebrates scoring in 2015 with Lucy BronzeImages courtesy of Getty

Kirby is a generational talent who has contributed greatly to the national team’s success and the growth of women’s football in England.

She made her debut at the 2014 World Cup, earning the nickname “mini Messi” from former WSL 2 manager Mark Sampson, and was named the first female member of England’s senior squad in 2014.

Since then, Kirby has entertained with trickery, creativity, and unpredictability while playing both as an attacking midfielder and a wide forward.

She started all six games for England in 2022, bringing in new talent as she did with England’s success.

I enjoy working with her. Wiegman praised her for her touch, positioning, vision, game-understanding, and connections.

She has a fantastic career, which continues to be a part of the Women’s Super League. I’m very happy to have worked with her and am very proud of her.

Kirby’s ability to turn a game on its head and create a magical moment was what gave her the nickname “mini Messi.”

When comparing Kirby’s impact to Marta’s, who was six-time World Player of the Year, Phil Neville said after a friendly win over Brazil in 2018 that he would “take my number 10 over Brazil.”

And despite being marginalized by the England squad in recent years, she was always able to provide the required service.

She was given the nickname “I remember ten years ago,” and it was right because she “just lit up the stage in an England shirt,” defender Lucy Bronze said.

She can raise her head, she says.

Sarina Wiegman and Fran KirbyImages courtesy of Getty

Kirby’s contributions to the Lionesses’ first major trophy are legendary, and she was a key member of the team that captured the trophy.

Her success is only enhanced further by her ability to handle personal tragedy and setbacks.

On Tuesday, Wiegman’s glowing pride over Kirby’s career was evident, and Bronze praised the former Chelsea midfielder’s remarkable achievements.

Ellen White, England’s record goalscorer, stated in a podcast interview with the Women’s Football Weekly that “she has had many ups and downs but she can hold her head up really high for what she has achieved.”

She has done a lot for England and football, and I just want to thank her. I can’t wait to remember.

Kirby left football when she was 14 years old after suffering from depression after her mother’s passing.

Just before she helped England reach the World Cup semi-final, she wrote a piece for the Players Tribune about her grief in 2019.

Later that year, the University of Winchester honored her with an honorary degree in recognition of her efforts to raise awareness of mental health.

She recovered for Euro 2022 after experiencing serious illness and doubts about her career.

She made a statement about the effects of social media abuse and body image issues in the female game last year.

She left Chelsea after a nine-year stint with the club to join Brighton, where she won the club’s player of the year award, even after her most recent knee injury.

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What next for Wales as Euro 2025 awaits?

Picture agency for Huw Evans

Not exactly the best way to end a relationship.

With a 4-1 Nations League defeat against Italy in what was Wales’ final game before their first major finals appearance, Rhian Wilkinson’s historymakers were dealt a painful reminder of how difficult it can be at the highest level.

Wales will not dwell too long, thanks to a lively second half in Swansea, a stunning Jess Fishlock goal, and head coach Wilkinson’s self-awareness.

They do not have the time, after all, with less than a month until their opening game against the Netherlands on July 5 in Lucerne.

What awaits Wales before their European Championships bow, though?

Updates on injuries and next steps

Wales lost controversiously to Denmark last week, but Wilkinson and her fellow coaches’ final Nations League results will be analysed in little time. Before the shocker against the Italians in Swansea, Wilkinson and her fellow coaches had just finished their game.

In the upcoming days, a camp debrief will be held, with a focus on both the logistical and tactical aspects.

As Wales attempts to pick up lessons and advance quickly, conversations with other staff members and, in some cases, players will follow.

Some of the injuries sustained this week will need updates, too. Although it is believed that Rhiannon Roberts had a groin issue prior to the match in Odense, the reports indicate that the centre-back will be fit for Switzerland.

Optional camps for players based in the UK

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After a two-month injury layoff, Fishlock will now play for Seattle Reign, where she will now play as well as Angharad James, the captain.

Before the division breaks for the summer, the 38-year-old Fishlock will have three games against the National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL) side, giving her another opportunity to rekindle her inspirational journey before Switzerland.

The Football Association of Wales (FAW) will return to its Vale of Glamorgan training facility for domestic players for two optional training camps while they are in the south of the country.

Players will be able to schedule training days with coaches starting the following week, with another the following week.

Some players are aware that they may need downtime rather than more work, and others who have featured less frequently are eager for extra sessions. Decision-making will be influenced by conversations between individuals and coaching staff.

After her recent injury, Kayleigh Barton, a Charlton Athletic forward, made the most of the opportunity. She was a part of the squad for the previous two games but did not play on the field.

Sophie Ingle may play a role in Sophie Ingle’s recovery from the knee ligament injury that has kept her out since September.

Squad announcement at Yr Wyddfa

Players will travel home as Wilkinson prepares to name her final squad selection for Switzerland on June 19 after the camps have finished.

It will be revealed at Wales’ highest peak, Yr Wyddfa, at 1, 085 meters above sea level, which is appropriate for a Euros tournament.

preparations in Portugal

Wales midfielder Sophie InglePicture agency for Huw Evans

Wales will travel to the Cascade resort in Portugal’s Algarve for a pre-tournament training camp, where the work will really take off before Switzerland.

The FAW is pleased with the facility’s previous visits to the men’s squad, and Wilkinson, who spent time there during her stellar playing days with Canada, has also been pleased with the facilities, including two Fifa-grade pitches.

The final countdown begins.

After the sun’s work, the squad will transfer to Switzerland for the final touches to their warm-up session.

After receiving Wilkinson’s personal consent, Wales will remain in Weinfelden, which is located north of the nation.

FAW staff has already put in extra effort to build the venue, including a media center, a training facility, and two pitches.

The team has chosen to reserve a hotel nearby for their exclusive use.

From there, Wales will advance to the finals of their history.

On the fourth day of the tournament, the Netherlands will arrive at the 16-, 496-capacity Allmend Stadion Luzern on July 5.

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Mindset, meetings, minutiae – how Bellamy changed Wales

Images courtesy of Getty

World Cup qualifier: Wales v Liechtenstein

Cardiff City Stadium Date: Friday, June 6th Kickoff: 19:45 BST

“This might be similar to displaying a firework.”

An explosive player, a combustible personality. As Craig Bellamy was named his nation’s new head coach, one Football Association of Wales (FAW) official’s words captured the sentiment of many people.

But few could have anticipated the fire that he has since lit under Welsh football.

The 45-year-old is demonstrating to the modern-day football world that there is more calm than curled lip.

Less than a year on from his appointment, the national side look transformed on the pitch, while subtle and significant changes in the background have helped re-ignite hopes of returning to a major finals.

Liechtenstein will take on Wales on Friday for what could be a crucial match between the top two seeds of the group, before the bid for the 2026 World Cup is resumed.

A “more visible” emblem for Wales

The first changes started at home.

Bellamy informed officials that he would return to his hometown of Cardiff to begin his position and that he would be the first manager of the national team to live and work there.

But for Bellamy, there was no other way.

He felt like he had to be on the ground to spread his mission statement, which included how he wanted the side’s identity throughout all levels of the grassroots, as well as among office staff at the FAW base in the Vale of Glamorgan.

“He is very visible”, is how one official put it, with no-one in any doubt of the hours being put in and the way Bellamy leads by example.

The difference will not only be seen by those on the payroll, but also by those who work there.

Whereas some predecessors were criticised for not being seen outside of international windows, Bellamy is at games, club training grounds, and at numerous events throughout Wales reaching out to supporters – often helping local clubs raise money for facilities.

There were numerous Ymlaen (‘forward’ in Welsh) roadshows to discuss the vision of his and the FAW.

And then there are the hours at Dragon Park, Wales ‘ national development centre on the outskirts of Newport, either working with analysts – it was no joke when he said he had studied eight of his first opponents Turkey’s games before his official unveiling – or with age-grade sides.

When Bellamy first got the job, he already had a depth chart prepared for all of the available senior and intermediate players. He saw his job as knowing every player coming through, too.

Every little advantage that might make a difference for Wales as a football nation is a result of the former forward’s obsessive desire for details, for every detail.

Bellamy “has altered the way I view football,” Bellamy said.

On the pitch, it took less than a minute for Bellamy to demonstrate how he had transformed Wales.

It was already obvious that things were going to change in his opening game, last September’s Nations League game against Turkey, just moments before the start of the campaign.

Players were taking up new positions and changing them fluidly, building play from all areas of the field and, whenever possession was lost, they launched into a rapid – but organised, collective – press to win it back as quickly as possible.

Turkey, who had just finished third in the Euro 2024 quarter-finals, was outplayed and had a chance to escape with a goalless draw.

Wales fans could scarcely recognise their team from the one which had been held by Gibraltar and thrashed by Slovakia that summer.

After initiating this transformation with less than a week of training, Bellamy boldly declared, “This is the worst we’re going to be.”

Players were instantly impressed by the level of detail in Bellamy’s team meetings and struck by how different – and meticulous – his tactical approach was to his predecessors.

Harry Wilson, Wales’ top scorer and arguably their best player under Bellamy, says, “He’s definitely changed the way I see football.” “I watch games differently now, the way he sees it”.

Bellamy gave these concepts to coaches last month who were preparing for their Uefa certifications with the FAW. The enormous, packed conference room at the Celtic Manor hotel was silent as World Cup and Champions League winners hung on his every word.

Bellamy is a football obsessive who excels when it comes to discussing current trends in the game of football or renowned coaches and teams.

He is a great admirer of Pep Guardiola – but quick to note he is “not a little Pep” – while he often refers to the valuable lessons he learnt while playing under Sir Bobby Robson.

Bellamy’s appointment of Piet Cremers, the former analyst for Manchester City, as an assistant coach for Wales illustrates the Guardiola effect.

Bellamy worked with Cremers as part of Vincent Kompany’s staff at Burnley, and he credits the ex-City captain who now manages Bayern Munich as one of the important figures in his coaching career, having also served as his assistant at Anderlecht.

Bellamy is fiercely independent, but he is aware of his own thoughts, which are informed by valuable learning from working with some of the game’s brightest thinkers.

It is why he rejects talk of being an underdog, or of Wales being a small football nation punching above its weight.

Given the regularity with which the team has qualified for major tournaments in recent years, Bellamy believes that this is a nation that merits its place at the top of the sport’s elite, which she also wants everyone else to believe.

The head coach and his players set out to win every game, no matter who they are playing, and that ambitious mindset has permeated through the FAW at all levels.

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Ground rules, unity and demands of ‘ perfection ‘

Bellamy quickly laid out some of his fundamental principles in those initial weeks.

One has hit the headlines in recent weeks with the revelation players are forbidden from swapping shirts.

It goes even further. Shirts and kit are not only kept but looked after under the demand that ‘ no badge touches the floor’.

Other off-the-pitch tenets are present.

Some were in place before his arrival, such as no mobile phones at the dinner table and players only ending meal time when the captain calls it, all stretching back to the Together Stronger days that have helped maintain a unity in the Wales camp relatively unique to international football.

But the purpose of rules is to make them. Bellamy – as with his on-field instructions – wants there to be a ‘ why’.

Take the shirt because it’s based on the idea that you’ve worked too hard to sell it, which serves as a subtly self-aware reminder to players.

And while it is hard to shake off the image of Bellamy the dictator based on his playing past, many of the introductions have been done with culture in mind, of thinking differently.

There is no public dressing-down for those who are late, though there is importance placed on timekeeping, whether for training or the numerous meetings.

Bellamy has spoken about being intrigued by elements of Japanese culture, telling those who are early to park their car further away to leave spaces close by for those running behind, to create a sense of consideration.

With his squad rotation, he consistently changes his team and gives players a chance. This has strengthened the sense of unity. Now, they all feel part of this group.

Bellamy also places a lot of emphasis on body language, which must, in his opinion, be “perfect.” Sulking and throwing your arms up in disgust during games will not be tolerated.

Those who don’t adhere to the rules won’t be berated, but they won’t be with this squad for long.

Bellamy wants his players and staff to enjoy themselves and he has fostered a strong feelgood factor within the squad, though he still has an aura. Even in silence, everyone is aware of Bellamy’s intrusion into the room.

And perhaps more than anything, there is an intensity to everything Wales do. Every meeting requires total concentration, training is intensive, and days are organized.

The explosive coach who found tranquility in his position.

Bellamy the coach might surprise those who are more familiar with Bellamy the player.

The former forward had a stellar career and represented clubs like Liverpool, Manchester City, and Newcastle United. Yet while there were many notable achievements and memorable goals, Bellamy’s spiky, confrontational nature meant he was blighted by controversies on and off the field.

He appeared to have carried some of those traits when he took over as Cardiff City’s under-18s coach after the club made a bullying allegations against him.

Bellamy denied and disputed the allegations and was not the subject of any disciplinary proceedings, but did issue a statement at the time saying he was “truly sorry” if he had offended anyone.

Opposition coaches criticized Bellamy’s aggressive behavior on the touchline, while FAW sources claimed that Bellamy’s fiery temper was one of the factors for his dismissal from the Wales job in 2018 .

When he played for Wales, Bellamy was so intense in his demands for high standards that some of his team-mates have admitted privately that they feared training with him.

Bellamy mellowed, though, and he has since learned from his errors.

He worked with sport psychiatrist Steve Peters towards the end of his playing career, which helped him process his grief following the death of his friend and former team-mate and manager Gary Speed.

Bellamy now speaks with the calmness of someone who has spent a lot of time analyzing themselves and their mental health.

He got away from the glare of British football to work with Kompany in Belgium, a period he looks back on fondly as giving him “peace”.

Bellamy refers to his time spent with Kompany as an “education,” and it is obvious that his former Manchester City team-mate’s composure has reacted negatively to it.

Bellamy now brings that calmness to his role as Wales head coach. He is mature and thoughtful.

Several people at the FAW have been struck by the change, speaking glowingly about his demeanour with youth players and staff, as well as his considered approach to coaching.

Bellamy seems content, despite his natural ambitions, and his work with the national team shows this.

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Aboriginal community shaken by second death in Australian police custody

The family of Kumanjayi White are asking for CCTV footage and an independent investigation a week after the 24-year-old died in police custody at a supermarket in Alice Springs, Central Australia.

“The young Warlpiri man who died in police custody in Coles [supermarket] in Alice Springs on Tuesday May 27 is my Jaja [grandson],” White’s grandfather, Warlpiri leader Ned Hargraves, said in a statement on Tuesday.

“We know that he was held down by two police until he lost consciousness and perished. But at the moment we are in the dark about what really happened,” Hargraves added.

“Family representatives need to see all available footage of this incident immediately – both CCTV and body cam so we can understand what happened to my Jaja,” he said.

“But so far they are refusing to grant this.”

While details are still emerging of the circumstances surrounding the death, Hargraves said his grandson had been living in supported accommodation because of disabilities.

“He needed support and not to be criminalised because of his disability,” Hargraves said.

Gene Hill, who previously worked at the supermarket, told public broadcaster ABC that he knew the victim.

“One glance at him and you can see he’s got special needs,” said Hill, adding that the supermarket should have interpreters and Indigenous security guards to help with the language barrier between English and local Indigenous languages.

Calls for independent investigation

The Northern Territory Police Force (NTPF) said last week that White “stopped breathing” after he was “restrained” by two plainclothes police officers.

The “police will now investigate this matter on behalf of the coroner”, the NTPF added, in a statement.

Independent federal senator Lidia Thorpe, Northern Territory community group Justice Not Jails, and human rights organisation Amnesty International are among those supporting the family’s calls for an independent investigation.

Northern Territory Senator and federal Australian minister for Indigenous Australians Malarndirri McCarthy last week acknowledged the “many traumas” the Warlpiri community in the remote Yuendumu area, where White hailed from, had experienced and said “calls for an independent investigation may be warranted”.

“It may be important to do that, given that there is such tension,” McCarthy, from the centre-left Labor federal government said, according to the ABC.

But Northern Territory (NT) Chief Minister Lia Finocchiaro told ABC Radio Darwin “it is entirely appropriate” for the NT police to investigate.

“This is exactly what happens for all deaths in custody,” Finocchiaro, from the conservative Country Liberal Party (CLP), said.

Finocchiaro dismissed McCarthy’s comments as “really unhelpful” and “uneducated”.

“If she wants to support the people of Yuendumu and people concerned about this, then the best thing she can do is use her powerful voice to call for calm and confidence in the NT Police Force,” Finocchiaro said.

The Justice Not Jails advocacy group said the Country Liberal Party’s “tough on crime” approach in the Northern Territory had contributed to increased policing of Aboriginal people like White, in the lead up to his death.

“Kumanjayi White’s death has occurred in the context of the CLP’s relentless and racist attacks on Aboriginal families and communities,” Justice Not Jails said in a statement.

“These attacks include reforms to bail and sentencing that have significantly increased the number of Aboriginal people in prison, increasing the risk of further deaths in custody,” the group said.

A candlelight vigil was held for White in Sydney on Sunday, with more protests planned around Australia in the coming days.

Kumanjayi White’s death comes six years after nineteen year old Kumanjayi Walker was shot by Northern Territory police officer Zachary Rolfe.

The two deaths at the hands of police have left the small community of Yuendumu, which has a population of about 870 people and is located some 293 km (182 miles) from Alice Springs, reeling.

Northern Territory coroner Elisabeth Armitage was due to deliver the findings of the inquest into Walker’s 2019 death next week, however, at the request of the family this has been deferred.

The Northern Territory Courts said the findings will “now be handed down on July 7 in either Yuendumu or Alice Springs”.

The inquest into Walker’s death began after a jury found former soldier-turned police officer Zachary Rolfe was “not guilty” of murdering Walker in March 2022.

Walker’s death prompted widespread protests around Australia, as one of 595 Indigenous people to have died in police custody since a 1991 Royal Commission.

White’s grandfather Hargraves pointed out that his grandson died on the fifth anniversary of the death of George Floyd, whose death in the United States prompted worldwide Black Lives Matter protests.

White’s death also occurred during Reconciliation Week in Australia, he added.

“I am angry and frustrated that yet another one of our young men has lost his life at the hands of the police,” Hargraves said.

“Has our community not gone through enough?”